Skip to main content

Superoxiddismutase Inhaltsverzeichnis Systematik | Katalysierte Reaktion | Pathologie | Einzelnachweise | Navigationsmenü2C9U1.15.1.1PROSITE PDOC00082PDOC00083PDOC0059710.1128/IAI.69.8.4980-4987.2001PMC 98590PMC 208620A Streptococcus mutans superoxide dismutase that is active with either manganese or iron as a cofactor.147450UniProt-Eintrag10.1074/jbc.M80208320010.1371/journal.pone.0001677

Oxidoreduktase


EnzymeSuperoxidAnionenWasserstoffperoxidreaktive SauerstoffspeziesGenomoxidativer StresskatalysierteaerobeProtonenWasserstoffperoxidMoleküleKatalaseGenAmyotrophen LateralskleroseAkkumulationsneigungβ-AmyloidAlzheimer-Krankheit












Superoxiddismutase




aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie






Zur Navigation springen
Zur Suche springen












Superoxiddismutase

Superoxiddismutase
Modell des Dimer der menschlichen zytoplasmatischen SOD nach PDB 2C9U
Bezeichner
Externe IDs


  • CAS-Nummer: 9054-89-1
Enzymklassifikation

EC, Kategorie

1.15.1.1, Oxidoreduktase
Reaktionsart

Disproportionierung
Substrat
2 O2•− + 2 H+
Produkte
O2 + H2O2

Superoxid-Dismutase (SOD) ist der Name für alle Enzyme, die Superoxid-Anionen zu Wasserstoffperoxid umwandeln. Diese Enzyme kommen in allen Lebewesen vor. Nur vereinzelten anaeroben Bakterien fehlen diese Enzyme. Superoxid (eine reaktive Sauerstoffspezies) ist sehr reaktionsfreudig und kann Proteine und das Genom schädigen (oxidativer Stress). Die katalysierte Reaktion ist daher besonders wichtig für aerobe Lebewesen.




Inhaltsverzeichnis





  • 1 Systematik


  • 2 Katalysierte Reaktion


  • 3 Pathologie


  • 4 Einzelnachweise




Systematik |


Es gibt drei leicht unterscheidbare Gruppen von Superoxiddismutasen.[1][2][3][4]



  • Kupfer/Zink enthaltende SOD: eine Form im Zytoplasma aller Eukaryoten; eine weitere Form in pflanzlichen Chloroplasten; eine extrazelluläre Form in manchen Eukaryoten; und eine periplasmatische Form in Prokaryoten. Beispielsweise ist die Cu,Zn-SOD von Mycobacterium tuberculosis ausschlaggebend für die Abwehr der Immunantwort befallener Macrophagen.[5]


  • Mangan-Superoxid-Dismutasen: Mangan- oder Eisenhaltige SOD, in allen Lebewesen. Die eisenhaltigen sind in Pflanzen in den Chloroplasten lokalisiert, die manganhaltigen in Mitochondrien und Peroxisomen. Von Bacteroides gingivalis und Streptococcus mutans sind SOD bekannt, bei denen das Metallion Fe/Mn frei austauschbar ist.[6][7]

  • Superoxiddismutasen aus der Germin-Familie (Glycoproteinfamilie, die zuerst bei der Pflanzenkeimung entdeckt wurde), in der extrazellulären Matrix vieler Pflanzen.


Katalysierte Reaktion |


Die oxidierte Form des Enzyms reagiert mit einem Superoxidion unter Bildung von Sauerstoff und der reduzierten Form des Enzyms. Diese Form reagiert weiter mit einem zweiten Superoxidion und zwei Protonen, dabei entsteht Wasserstoffperoxid und die oxidierte Form des Enzyms.


2O2−+2H+⟶H2O2+O2displaystyle mathrm 2O_2^-+2H^+longrightarrow H_2O_2+O_2

Zwei Moleküle des dabei gebildeten Wasserstoffperoxids reagieren weiter zu einem Molekül Sauerstoff und zwei Molekülen Wasser. Diese Reaktion wird von dem Enzym Katalase katalysiert.



Pathologie |


Neuere Forschungsergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Defekte in einem SOD-Gen (SOD1[8]) beim Menschen zu der erblichen Krankheit der familiären Form der Amyotrophen Lateralsklerose (fALS) führen können. Diese Wirkung hat jedoch nichts mit der Enzym-Eigenschaft der SOD zu tun, sondern mit zytotoxischen Wirkungen von unstabilisierter SOD. Jene Mutation führt nämlich zu einer erhöhten Akkumulationsneigung des Proteins, was ähnlich wie bei der Akkumulation von β-Amyloid in der Alzheimer-Krankheit die Zellen tötet.[9][10][11]



Einzelnachweise |



  1. PROSITE PDOC00082


  2. PDOC00083


  3. PDOC00597


  4. Alscher RG et al.: Role of superoxide dismutases (SODs) in controlling oxidative stress in plants. J Exp Bot 53/372/2002. S. 1331–41. PMID 11997379


  5. Piddington DL, Fang FC, Laessig T, Cooper AM, Orme IM, Buchmeier NA: Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis contributes to survival in activated macrophages that are generating an oxidative burst. In: Infection and Immunity. 69, Nr. 8, August 2001, S. 4980–7. doi:10.1128/IAI.69.8.4980-4987.2001. PMID 11447176. PMC 98590 (freier Volltext).


  6. Amano A, Shizukuishi S, Tamagawa H, Iwakura K, Tsunasawa S, Tsunemitsu A: Characterization of superoxide dismutases purified from either anaerobically maintained or aerated Bacteroides gingivalis. In: J. Bacteriol.. 172, Nr. 3, März 1990, S. 1457–63. PMID 2307656. PMC 208620 (freier Volltext).


  7. Martin ME, Byers BR, Olson MO, Salin ML, Arceneaux JE, Tolbert C: A Streptococcus mutans superoxide dismutase that is active with either manganese or iron as a cofactor. In: J. Biol. Chem.. 261, Nr. 20, Juli 1986, S. 9361–7. PMID 3722201.


  8. OMIM: 147450


  9. UniProt-Eintrag


  10. Furukawa Y. et al.: Complete loss of post-translational modifications triggers fibrillar aggregation of SOD1 in familial form of ALS. J. Biol. Chem. 283/35/2008 S. 24167–24176. PMID 18552350 – doi:10.1074/jbc.M802083200


  11. L. Banci et al.: SOD1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: mutations and oligomerization. PLoS ONE 3/-/2008 S. E1677-E1677. PMID 18301754 – doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001677




Abgerufen von „https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Superoxiddismutase&oldid=183635759“










Navigationsmenü


























(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function()mw.config.set("wgPageParseReport":"limitreport":"cputime":"0.164","walltime":"0.214","ppvisitednodes":"value":1928,"limit":1000000,"ppgeneratednodes":"value":0,"limit":1500000,"postexpandincludesize":"value":12120,"limit":2097152,"templateargumentsize":"value":3016,"limit":2097152,"expansiondepth":"value":13,"limit":40,"expensivefunctioncount":"value":0,"limit":500,"unstrip-depth":"value":0,"limit":20,"unstrip-size":"value":6422,"limit":5000000,"entityaccesscount":"value":0,"limit":400,"timingprofile":["100.00% 161.985 1 -total"," 67.01% 108.540 3 Vorlage:Cite_journal"," 22.80% 36.929 6 Vorlage:FormatDate"," 19.64% 31.815 1 Vorlage:Infobox_Protein"," 11.29% 18.280 3 Vorlage:DOI"," 9.50% 15.383 6 Vorlage:Str_left"," 7.50% 12.152 6 Vorlage:Datum"," 2.73% 4.420 2 Vorlage:PMC"," 2.45% 3.968 3 Vorlage:Boolandnot"," 2.19% 3.555 12 Vorlage:Str_trim"],"scribunto":"limitreport-timeusage":"value":"0.046","limit":"10.000","limitreport-memusage":"value":2000713,"limit":52428800,"cachereport":"origin":"mw1254","timestamp":"20190509091545","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false););"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Superoxiddismutase","url":"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superoxiddismutase","sameAs":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q410776","mainEntity":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q410776","author":"@type":"Organization","name":"Autoren der Wikimedia-Projekte","publisher":"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-hor-googpub.png","datePublished":"2005-10-09T21:37:09Z","image":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/SODC_2C9U.png","headline":"Protein"(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function()mw.config.set("wgBackendResponseTime":166,"wgHostname":"mw1268"););

Popular posts from this blog

19. јануар Садржај Догађаји Рођења Смрти Празници и дани сећања Види још Референце Мени за навигацијуу

Israel Cuprins Etimologie | Istorie | Geografie | Politică | Demografie | Educație | Economie | Cultură | Note explicative | Note bibliografice | Bibliografie | Legături externe | Meniu de navigaresite web oficialfacebooktweeterGoogle+Instagramcanal YouTubeInstagramtextmodificaremodificarewww.technion.ac.ilnew.huji.ac.ilwww.weizmann.ac.ilwww1.biu.ac.ilenglish.tau.ac.ilwww.haifa.ac.ilin.bgu.ac.ilwww.openu.ac.ilwww.ariel.ac.ilCIA FactbookHarta Israelului"Negotiating Jerusalem," Palestine–Israel JournalThe Schizoid Nature of Modern Hebrew: A Slavic Language in Search of a Semitic Past„Arabic in Israel: an official language and a cultural bridge”„Latest Population Statistics for Israel”„Israel Population”„Tables”„Report for Selected Countries and Subjects”Human Development Report 2016: Human Development for Everyone„Distribution of family income - Gini index”The World FactbookJerusalem Law„Israel”„Israel”„Zionist Leaders: David Ben-Gurion 1886–1973”„The status of Jerusalem”„Analysis: Kadima's big plans”„Israel's Hard-Learned Lessons”„The Legacy of Undefined Borders, Tel Aviv Notes No. 40, 5 iunie 2002”„Israel Journal: A Land Without Borders”„Population”„Israel closes decade with population of 7.5 million”Time Series-DataBank„Selected Statistics on Jerusalem Day 2007 (Hebrew)”Golan belongs to Syria, Druze protestGlobal Survey 2006: Middle East Progress Amid Global Gains in FreedomWHO: Life expectancy in Israel among highest in the worldInternational Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, April 2011: Nominal GDP list of countries. Data for the year 2010.„Israel's accession to the OECD”Popular Opinion„On the Move”Hosea 12:5„Walking the Bible Timeline”„Palestine: History”„Return to Zion”An invention called 'the Jewish people' – Haaretz – Israel NewsoriginalJewish and Non-Jewish Population of Palestine-Israel (1517–2004)ImmigrationJewishvirtuallibrary.orgChapter One: The Heralders of Zionism„The birth of modern Israel: A scrap of paper that changed history”„League of Nations: The Mandate for Palestine, 24 iulie 1922”The Population of Palestine Prior to 1948originalBackground Paper No. 47 (ST/DPI/SER.A/47)History: Foreign DominationTwo Hundred and Seventh Plenary Meeting„Israel (Labor Zionism)”Population, by Religion and Population GroupThe Suez CrisisAdolf EichmannJustice Ministry Reply to Amnesty International Report„The Interregnum”Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs – The Palestinian National Covenant- July 1968Research on terrorism: trends, achievements & failuresThe Routledge Atlas of the Arab–Israeli conflict: The Complete History of the Struggle and the Efforts to Resolve It"George Habash, Palestinian Terrorism Tactician, Dies at 82."„1973: Arab states attack Israeli forces”Agranat Commission„Has Israel Annexed East Jerusalem?”original„After 4 Years, Intifada Still Smolders”From the End of the Cold War to 2001originalThe Oslo Accords, 1993Israel-PLO Recognition – Exchange of Letters between PM Rabin and Chairman Arafat – Sept 9- 1993Foundation for Middle East PeaceSources of Population Growth: Total Israeli Population and Settler Population, 1991–2003original„Israel marks Rabin assassination”The Wye River Memorandumoriginal„West Bank barrier route disputed, Israeli missile kills 2”"Permanent Ceasefire to Be Based on Creation Of Buffer Zone Free of Armed Personnel Other than UN, Lebanese Forces"„Hezbollah kills 8 soldiers, kidnaps two in offensive on northern border”„Olmert confirms peace talks with Syria”„Battleground Gaza: Israeli ground forces invade the strip”„IDF begins Gaza troop withdrawal, hours after ending 3-week offensive”„THE LAND: Geography and Climate”„Area of districts, sub-districts, natural regions and lakes”„Israel - Geography”„Makhteshim Country”Israel and the Palestinian Territories„Makhtesh Ramon”„The Living Dead Sea”„Temperatures reach record high in Pakistan”„Climate Extremes In Israel”Israel in figures„Deuteronom”„JNF: 240 million trees planted since 1901”„Vegetation of Israel and Neighboring Countries”Environmental Law in Israel„Executive branch”„Israel's election process explained”„The Electoral System in Israel”„Constitution for Israel”„All 120 incoming Knesset members”„Statul ISRAEL”„The Judiciary: The Court System”„Israel's high court unique in region”„Israel and the International Criminal Court: A Legal Battlefield”„Localities and population, by population group, district, sub-district and natural region”„Israel: Districts, Major Cities, Urban Localities & Metropolitan Areas”„Israel-Egypt Relations: Background & Overview of Peace Treaty”„Solana to Haaretz: New Rules of War Needed for Age of Terror”„Israel's Announcement Regarding Settlements”„United Nations Security Council Resolution 497”„Security Council resolution 478 (1980) on the status of Jerusalem”„Arabs will ask U.N. to seek razing of Israeli wall”„Olmert: Willing to trade land for peace”„Mapping Peace between Syria and Israel”„Egypt: Israel must accept the land-for-peace formula”„Israel: Age structure from 2005 to 2015”„Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990–2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition”10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61340-X„World Health Statistics 2014”„Life expectancy for Israeli men world's 4th highest”„Family Structure and Well-Being Across Israel's Diverse Population”„Fertility among Jewish and Muslim Women in Israel, by Level of Religiosity, 1979-2009”„Israel leaders in birth rate, but poverty major challenge”„Ethnic Groups”„Israel's population: Over 8.5 million”„Israel - Ethnic groups”„Jews, by country of origin and age”„Minority Communities in Israel: Background & Overview”„Israel”„Language in Israel”„Selected Data from the 2011 Social Survey on Mastery of the Hebrew Language and Usage of Languages”„Religions”„5 facts about Israeli Druze, a unique religious and ethnic group”„Israël”Israel Country Study Guide„Haredi city in Negev – blessing or curse?”„New town Harish harbors hopes of being more than another Pleasantville”„List of localities, in alphabetical order”„Muncitorii români, doriți în Israel”„Prietenia româno-israeliană la nevoie se cunoaște”„The Higher Education System in Israel”„Middle East”„Academic Ranking of World Universities 2016”„Israel”„Israel”„Jewish Nobel Prize Winners”„All Nobel Prizes in Literature”„All Nobel Peace Prizes”„All Prizes in Economic Sciences”„All Nobel Prizes in Chemistry”„List of Fields Medallists”„Sakharov Prize”„Țara care și-a sfidat "destinul" și se bate umăr la umăr cu Silicon Valley”„Apple's R&D center in Israel grew to about 800 employees”„Tim Cook: Apple's Herzliya R&D center second-largest in world”„Lecții de economie de la Israel”„Land use”Israel Investment and Business GuideA Country Study: IsraelCentral Bureau of StatisticsFlorin Diaconu, „Kadima: Flexibilitate și pragmatism, dar nici un compromis în chestiuni vitale", în Revista Institutului Diplomatic Român, anul I, numărul I, semestrul I, 2006, pp. 71-72Florin Diaconu, „Likud: Dreapta israeliană constant opusă retrocedării teritoriilor cureite prin luptă în 1967", în Revista Institutului Diplomatic Român, anul I, numărul I, semestrul I, 2006, pp. 73-74MassadaIsraelul a crescut in 50 de ani cât alte state intr-un mileniuIsrael Government PortalIsraelIsraelIsraelmmmmmXX451232cb118646298(data)4027808-634110000 0004 0372 0767n7900328503691455-bb46-37e3-91d2-cb064a35ffcc1003570400564274ge1294033523775214929302638955X146498911146498911

Черчино Становништво Референце Спољашње везе Мени за навигацију46°09′29″ СГШ; 9°30′29″ ИГД / 46.15809° СГШ; 9.50814° ИГД / 46.15809; 9.5081446°09′29″ СГШ; 9°30′29″ ИГД / 46.15809° СГШ; 9.50814° ИГД / 46.15809; 9.508143179111„The GeoNames geographical database”„Istituto Nazionale di Statistica”Званични веб-сајтпроширитиуу