How does this circuit start up?How does flux exist in a transformer?Does winding a choke inductor produce a transformer?How are these RC values calculated in this buck converter?How does this wall-wart switcher work?Modifying 12V PSU, how do I identify the +12V Return Sense?How to Model a Transformer in LTSpiceI need help to identify this old SMD deviceSMPS voltage drop in 230v ac to 5v dc flyback

How use custom order in folder on Windows 7 and 10

Allocating credit card points

Is it more effective to add yeast before or after kneading?

Going to France with limited French for a day

Hiking with a mule or two?

Would Taiwan and China's dispute be solved if Taiwan gave up being the Republic of China?

Social leper versus social leopard

What is the meaning of word 'crack' in chapter 33 of A Game of Thrones?

What are the benefits and disadvantages if a creature has multiple tails, e.g., Kyuubi or Nekomata?

I reverse the source code, you negate the output!

How to manage expenditure when billing cycles and paycheck cycles are not aligned?

What are these pixel-level discolored specks? How can I fix it?

To what extent is it worthwhile to report check fraud / refund scams?

What is the need of methods like GET and POST in the HTTP protocol?

Leaving a job that I just took based on false promise of a raise. What do I tell future interviewers?

Which museums have artworks of all four Ninja Turtles' namesakes?

If an object moving in a circle experiences centripetal force, then doesn't it also experience centrifugal force, because of Newton's third law?

reverse a list of generic type

Do we know the situation in Britain before Sealion (summer 1940)?

Will Proving or Disproving of any of the following have effects on Chemistry in general?

Can the U.S. president make military decisions without consulting anyone?

If the EU does not offer an extension to UK's Article 50 invocation, is the Benn Bill irrelevant?

1, 2, 4, 8, 16, ... 33?

Was there a trial by combat between a man and a dog in medieval France?



How does this circuit start up?


How does flux exist in a transformer?Does winding a choke inductor produce a transformer?How are these RC values calculated in this buck converter?How does this wall-wart switcher work?Modifying 12V PSU, how do I identify the +12V Return Sense?How to Model a Transformer in LTSpiceI need help to identify this old SMD deviceSMPS voltage drop in 230v ac to 5v dc flyback






.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty margin-bottom:0;








3












$begingroup$


I'm trying to understand how CI HT7A6322 starts up.



Relevant part of the datasheet says:




Control circuit power supply. Also provides a charging current during start
up due to a high voltage current source connected to SW. For this purpose,
a hysteresis comparator monitors the VCC voltage and provides two
thresholds:



VCCON: Voltage value (typically 14.5V) at which the device starts switching
and turns off the start up current source.



VCCOFF: Voltage value (typically 8V) at which the device stops switching and
turns on the start up current source




When the circuit is connect to mains the internal current source is ON state which is connected together with SW pin.



This current source in winding A induces a voltage in winding B powering the VCC pin. Is my explanation correct?



enter image description here










share|improve this question









New contributor



DIP4 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.






$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    Check section High Voltage Start up on page 5 of the link you provided.
    $endgroup$
    – Huisman
    8 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    I get it. The trick part is ".. which will charge the VCC pin ... ". I think the correct one should be " ... which will charge external capacitor connected in VCC pin ...".
    $endgroup$
    – DIP4
    8 hours ago

















3












$begingroup$


I'm trying to understand how CI HT7A6322 starts up.



Relevant part of the datasheet says:




Control circuit power supply. Also provides a charging current during start
up due to a high voltage current source connected to SW. For this purpose,
a hysteresis comparator monitors the VCC voltage and provides two
thresholds:



VCCON: Voltage value (typically 14.5V) at which the device starts switching
and turns off the start up current source.



VCCOFF: Voltage value (typically 8V) at which the device stops switching and
turns on the start up current source




When the circuit is connect to mains the internal current source is ON state which is connected together with SW pin.



This current source in winding A induces a voltage in winding B powering the VCC pin. Is my explanation correct?



enter image description here










share|improve this question









New contributor



DIP4 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.






$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    Check section High Voltage Start up on page 5 of the link you provided.
    $endgroup$
    – Huisman
    8 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    I get it. The trick part is ".. which will charge the VCC pin ... ". I think the correct one should be " ... which will charge external capacitor connected in VCC pin ...".
    $endgroup$
    – DIP4
    8 hours ago













3












3








3





$begingroup$


I'm trying to understand how CI HT7A6322 starts up.



Relevant part of the datasheet says:




Control circuit power supply. Also provides a charging current during start
up due to a high voltage current source connected to SW. For this purpose,
a hysteresis comparator monitors the VCC voltage and provides two
thresholds:



VCCON: Voltage value (typically 14.5V) at which the device starts switching
and turns off the start up current source.



VCCOFF: Voltage value (typically 8V) at which the device stops switching and
turns on the start up current source




When the circuit is connect to mains the internal current source is ON state which is connected together with SW pin.



This current source in winding A induces a voltage in winding B powering the VCC pin. Is my explanation correct?



enter image description here










share|improve this question









New contributor



DIP4 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.






$endgroup$




I'm trying to understand how CI HT7A6322 starts up.



Relevant part of the datasheet says:




Control circuit power supply. Also provides a charging current during start
up due to a high voltage current source connected to SW. For this purpose,
a hysteresis comparator monitors the VCC voltage and provides two
thresholds:



VCCON: Voltage value (typically 14.5V) at which the device starts switching
and turns off the start up current source.



VCCOFF: Voltage value (typically 8V) at which the device stops switching and
turns on the start up current source




When the circuit is connect to mains the internal current source is ON state which is connected together with SW pin.



This current source in winding A induces a voltage in winding B powering the VCC pin. Is my explanation correct?



enter image description here







power-supply transformer switch-mode-power-supply vcc






share|improve this question









New contributor



DIP4 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.










share|improve this question









New contributor



DIP4 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.








share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited 7 hours ago







DIP4













New contributor



DIP4 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.








asked 8 hours ago









DIP4DIP4

184 bronze badges




184 bronze badges




New contributor



DIP4 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.




New contributor




DIP4 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
















  • $begingroup$
    Check section High Voltage Start up on page 5 of the link you provided.
    $endgroup$
    – Huisman
    8 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    I get it. The trick part is ".. which will charge the VCC pin ... ". I think the correct one should be " ... which will charge external capacitor connected in VCC pin ...".
    $endgroup$
    – DIP4
    8 hours ago
















  • $begingroup$
    Check section High Voltage Start up on page 5 of the link you provided.
    $endgroup$
    – Huisman
    8 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    I get it. The trick part is ".. which will charge the VCC pin ... ". I think the correct one should be " ... which will charge external capacitor connected in VCC pin ...".
    $endgroup$
    – DIP4
    8 hours ago















$begingroup$
Check section High Voltage Start up on page 5 of the link you provided.
$endgroup$
– Huisman
8 hours ago




$begingroup$
Check section High Voltage Start up on page 5 of the link you provided.
$endgroup$
– Huisman
8 hours ago












$begingroup$
I get it. The trick part is ".. which will charge the VCC pin ... ". I think the correct one should be " ... which will charge external capacitor connected in VCC pin ...".
$endgroup$
– DIP4
8 hours ago




$begingroup$
I get it. The trick part is ".. which will charge the VCC pin ... ". I think the correct one should be " ... which will charge external capacitor connected in VCC pin ...".
$endgroup$
– DIP4
8 hours ago










2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes


















2














$begingroup$

At the top of the block diagram on page 2, there's a MOSFET that functions as a current source connected between SW and VCC that can withstand the full line voltage. It passes a tiny current (via winding "A" of the transformer) that doesn't cause too much dissipation inside the device. This current is not sufficient for operation of the switching regulator, however.



This current source charges the capacitor attached to VCC until it reaches Vccon, at which point, the switching begins (powered temporarily by the charge on the capacitor) and larger amounts of power can be transferred via the auxiliary winding "B" on the transformer to keep things going continuously.






share|improve this answer











$endgroup$






















    4














    $begingroup$

    Normally we are using the start-up resistor. But in this case, there is an internal MOSFET between SW and VCC pin. And this MOSFET will provide a start-up current.



    enter image description here






    share|improve this answer









    $endgroup$














    • $begingroup$
      +1 for referring to the datasheet... The datasheet saves all! :)
      $endgroup$
      – KingDuken
      8 hours ago













    Your Answer






    StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function ()
    return StackExchange.using("schematics", function ()
    StackExchange.schematics.init();
    );
    , "cicuitlab");

    StackExchange.ready(function()
    var channelOptions =
    tags: "".split(" "),
    id: "135"
    ;
    initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

    StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function()
    // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
    if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled)
    StackExchange.using("snippets", function()
    createEditor();
    );

    else
    createEditor();

    );

    function createEditor()
    StackExchange.prepareEditor(
    heartbeatType: 'answer',
    autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
    convertImagesToLinks: false,
    noModals: true,
    showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
    reputationToPostImages: null,
    bindNavPrevention: true,
    postfix: "",
    imageUploader:
    brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
    contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"u003ecc by-sa 4.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
    allowUrls: true
    ,
    onDemand: true,
    discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
    ,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
    );



    );







    DIP4 is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.









    draft saved

    draft discarded
















    StackExchange.ready(
    function ()
    StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2felectronics.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f459313%2fhow-does-this-circuit-start-up%23new-answer', 'question_page');

    );

    Post as a guest















    Required, but never shown

























    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes








    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes









    2














    $begingroup$

    At the top of the block diagram on page 2, there's a MOSFET that functions as a current source connected between SW and VCC that can withstand the full line voltage. It passes a tiny current (via winding "A" of the transformer) that doesn't cause too much dissipation inside the device. This current is not sufficient for operation of the switching regulator, however.



    This current source charges the capacitor attached to VCC until it reaches Vccon, at which point, the switching begins (powered temporarily by the charge on the capacitor) and larger amounts of power can be transferred via the auxiliary winding "B" on the transformer to keep things going continuously.






    share|improve this answer











    $endgroup$



















      2














      $begingroup$

      At the top of the block diagram on page 2, there's a MOSFET that functions as a current source connected between SW and VCC that can withstand the full line voltage. It passes a tiny current (via winding "A" of the transformer) that doesn't cause too much dissipation inside the device. This current is not sufficient for operation of the switching regulator, however.



      This current source charges the capacitor attached to VCC until it reaches Vccon, at which point, the switching begins (powered temporarily by the charge on the capacitor) and larger amounts of power can be transferred via the auxiliary winding "B" on the transformer to keep things going continuously.






      share|improve this answer











      $endgroup$

















        2














        2










        2







        $begingroup$

        At the top of the block diagram on page 2, there's a MOSFET that functions as a current source connected between SW and VCC that can withstand the full line voltage. It passes a tiny current (via winding "A" of the transformer) that doesn't cause too much dissipation inside the device. This current is not sufficient for operation of the switching regulator, however.



        This current source charges the capacitor attached to VCC until it reaches Vccon, at which point, the switching begins (powered temporarily by the charge on the capacitor) and larger amounts of power can be transferred via the auxiliary winding "B" on the transformer to keep things going continuously.






        share|improve this answer











        $endgroup$



        At the top of the block diagram on page 2, there's a MOSFET that functions as a current source connected between SW and VCC that can withstand the full line voltage. It passes a tiny current (via winding "A" of the transformer) that doesn't cause too much dissipation inside the device. This current is not sufficient for operation of the switching regulator, however.



        This current source charges the capacitor attached to VCC until it reaches Vccon, at which point, the switching begins (powered temporarily by the charge on the capacitor) and larger amounts of power can be transferred via the auxiliary winding "B" on the transformer to keep things going continuously.







        share|improve this answer














        share|improve this answer



        share|improve this answer








        edited 8 hours ago

























        answered 8 hours ago









        Dave TweedDave Tweed

        136k11 gold badges174 silver badges298 bronze badges




        136k11 gold badges174 silver badges298 bronze badges


























            4














            $begingroup$

            Normally we are using the start-up resistor. But in this case, there is an internal MOSFET between SW and VCC pin. And this MOSFET will provide a start-up current.



            enter image description here






            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$














            • $begingroup$
              +1 for referring to the datasheet... The datasheet saves all! :)
              $endgroup$
              – KingDuken
              8 hours ago















            4














            $begingroup$

            Normally we are using the start-up resistor. But in this case, there is an internal MOSFET between SW and VCC pin. And this MOSFET will provide a start-up current.



            enter image description here






            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$














            • $begingroup$
              +1 for referring to the datasheet... The datasheet saves all! :)
              $endgroup$
              – KingDuken
              8 hours ago













            4














            4










            4







            $begingroup$

            Normally we are using the start-up resistor. But in this case, there is an internal MOSFET between SW and VCC pin. And this MOSFET will provide a start-up current.



            enter image description here






            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$



            Normally we are using the start-up resistor. But in this case, there is an internal MOSFET between SW and VCC pin. And this MOSFET will provide a start-up current.



            enter image description here







            share|improve this answer












            share|improve this answer



            share|improve this answer










            answered 8 hours ago









            G36G36

            6,0491 gold badge5 silver badges11 bronze badges




            6,0491 gold badge5 silver badges11 bronze badges














            • $begingroup$
              +1 for referring to the datasheet... The datasheet saves all! :)
              $endgroup$
              – KingDuken
              8 hours ago
















            • $begingroup$
              +1 for referring to the datasheet... The datasheet saves all! :)
              $endgroup$
              – KingDuken
              8 hours ago















            $begingroup$
            +1 for referring to the datasheet... The datasheet saves all! :)
            $endgroup$
            – KingDuken
            8 hours ago




            $begingroup$
            +1 for referring to the datasheet... The datasheet saves all! :)
            $endgroup$
            – KingDuken
            8 hours ago











            DIP4 is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.









            draft saved

            draft discarded

















            DIP4 is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.












            DIP4 is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.











            DIP4 is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.














            Thanks for contributing an answer to Electrical Engineering Stack Exchange!


            • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

            But avoid


            • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

            • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.

            Use MathJax to format equations. MathJax reference.


            To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




            draft saved


            draft discarded














            StackExchange.ready(
            function ()
            StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2felectronics.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f459313%2fhow-does-this-circuit-start-up%23new-answer', 'question_page');

            );

            Post as a guest















            Required, but never shown





















































            Required, but never shown














            Required, but never shown












            Required, but never shown







            Required, but never shown

































            Required, but never shown














            Required, but never shown












            Required, but never shown







            Required, but never shown







            Popular posts from this blog

            19. јануар Садржај Догађаји Рођења Смрти Празници и дани сећања Види још Референце Мени за навигацијуу

            Israel Cuprins Etimologie | Istorie | Geografie | Politică | Demografie | Educație | Economie | Cultură | Note explicative | Note bibliografice | Bibliografie | Legături externe | Meniu de navigaresite web oficialfacebooktweeterGoogle+Instagramcanal YouTubeInstagramtextmodificaremodificarewww.technion.ac.ilnew.huji.ac.ilwww.weizmann.ac.ilwww1.biu.ac.ilenglish.tau.ac.ilwww.haifa.ac.ilin.bgu.ac.ilwww.openu.ac.ilwww.ariel.ac.ilCIA FactbookHarta Israelului"Negotiating Jerusalem," Palestine–Israel JournalThe Schizoid Nature of Modern Hebrew: A Slavic Language in Search of a Semitic Past„Arabic in Israel: an official language and a cultural bridge”„Latest Population Statistics for Israel”„Israel Population”„Tables”„Report for Selected Countries and Subjects”Human Development Report 2016: Human Development for Everyone„Distribution of family income - Gini index”The World FactbookJerusalem Law„Israel”„Israel”„Zionist Leaders: David Ben-Gurion 1886–1973”„The status of Jerusalem”„Analysis: Kadima's big plans”„Israel's Hard-Learned Lessons”„The Legacy of Undefined Borders, Tel Aviv Notes No. 40, 5 iunie 2002”„Israel Journal: A Land Without Borders”„Population”„Israel closes decade with population of 7.5 million”Time Series-DataBank„Selected Statistics on Jerusalem Day 2007 (Hebrew)”Golan belongs to Syria, Druze protestGlobal Survey 2006: Middle East Progress Amid Global Gains in FreedomWHO: Life expectancy in Israel among highest in the worldInternational Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, April 2011: Nominal GDP list of countries. Data for the year 2010.„Israel's accession to the OECD”Popular Opinion„On the Move”Hosea 12:5„Walking the Bible Timeline”„Palestine: History”„Return to Zion”An invention called 'the Jewish people' – Haaretz – Israel NewsoriginalJewish and Non-Jewish Population of Palestine-Israel (1517–2004)ImmigrationJewishvirtuallibrary.orgChapter One: The Heralders of Zionism„The birth of modern Israel: A scrap of paper that changed history”„League of Nations: The Mandate for Palestine, 24 iulie 1922”The Population of Palestine Prior to 1948originalBackground Paper No. 47 (ST/DPI/SER.A/47)History: Foreign DominationTwo Hundred and Seventh Plenary Meeting„Israel (Labor Zionism)”Population, by Religion and Population GroupThe Suez CrisisAdolf EichmannJustice Ministry Reply to Amnesty International Report„The Interregnum”Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs – The Palestinian National Covenant- July 1968Research on terrorism: trends, achievements & failuresThe Routledge Atlas of the Arab–Israeli conflict: The Complete History of the Struggle and the Efforts to Resolve It"George Habash, Palestinian Terrorism Tactician, Dies at 82."„1973: Arab states attack Israeli forces”Agranat Commission„Has Israel Annexed East Jerusalem?”original„After 4 Years, Intifada Still Smolders”From the End of the Cold War to 2001originalThe Oslo Accords, 1993Israel-PLO Recognition – Exchange of Letters between PM Rabin and Chairman Arafat – Sept 9- 1993Foundation for Middle East PeaceSources of Population Growth: Total Israeli Population and Settler Population, 1991–2003original„Israel marks Rabin assassination”The Wye River Memorandumoriginal„West Bank barrier route disputed, Israeli missile kills 2”"Permanent Ceasefire to Be Based on Creation Of Buffer Zone Free of Armed Personnel Other than UN, Lebanese Forces"„Hezbollah kills 8 soldiers, kidnaps two in offensive on northern border”„Olmert confirms peace talks with Syria”„Battleground Gaza: Israeli ground forces invade the strip”„IDF begins Gaza troop withdrawal, hours after ending 3-week offensive”„THE LAND: Geography and Climate”„Area of districts, sub-districts, natural regions and lakes”„Israel - Geography”„Makhteshim Country”Israel and the Palestinian Territories„Makhtesh Ramon”„The Living Dead Sea”„Temperatures reach record high in Pakistan”„Climate Extremes In Israel”Israel in figures„Deuteronom”„JNF: 240 million trees planted since 1901”„Vegetation of Israel and Neighboring Countries”Environmental Law in Israel„Executive branch”„Israel's election process explained”„The Electoral System in Israel”„Constitution for Israel”„All 120 incoming Knesset members”„Statul ISRAEL”„The Judiciary: The Court System”„Israel's high court unique in region”„Israel and the International Criminal Court: A Legal Battlefield”„Localities and population, by population group, district, sub-district and natural region”„Israel: Districts, Major Cities, Urban Localities & Metropolitan Areas”„Israel-Egypt Relations: Background & Overview of Peace Treaty”„Solana to Haaretz: New Rules of War Needed for Age of Terror”„Israel's Announcement Regarding Settlements”„United Nations Security Council Resolution 497”„Security Council resolution 478 (1980) on the status of Jerusalem”„Arabs will ask U.N. to seek razing of Israeli wall”„Olmert: Willing to trade land for peace”„Mapping Peace between Syria and Israel”„Egypt: Israel must accept the land-for-peace formula”„Israel: Age structure from 2005 to 2015”„Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990–2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition”10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61340-X„World Health Statistics 2014”„Life expectancy for Israeli men world's 4th highest”„Family Structure and Well-Being Across Israel's Diverse Population”„Fertility among Jewish and Muslim Women in Israel, by Level of Religiosity, 1979-2009”„Israel leaders in birth rate, but poverty major challenge”„Ethnic Groups”„Israel's population: Over 8.5 million”„Israel - Ethnic groups”„Jews, by country of origin and age”„Minority Communities in Israel: Background & Overview”„Israel”„Language in Israel”„Selected Data from the 2011 Social Survey on Mastery of the Hebrew Language and Usage of Languages”„Religions”„5 facts about Israeli Druze, a unique religious and ethnic group”„Israël”Israel Country Study Guide„Haredi city in Negev – blessing or curse?”„New town Harish harbors hopes of being more than another Pleasantville”„List of localities, in alphabetical order”„Muncitorii români, doriți în Israel”„Prietenia româno-israeliană la nevoie se cunoaște”„The Higher Education System in Israel”„Middle East”„Academic Ranking of World Universities 2016”„Israel”„Israel”„Jewish Nobel Prize Winners”„All Nobel Prizes in Literature”„All Nobel Peace Prizes”„All Prizes in Economic Sciences”„All Nobel Prizes in Chemistry”„List of Fields Medallists”„Sakharov Prize”„Țara care și-a sfidat "destinul" și se bate umăr la umăr cu Silicon Valley”„Apple's R&D center in Israel grew to about 800 employees”„Tim Cook: Apple's Herzliya R&D center second-largest in world”„Lecții de economie de la Israel”„Land use”Israel Investment and Business GuideA Country Study: IsraelCentral Bureau of StatisticsFlorin Diaconu, „Kadima: Flexibilitate și pragmatism, dar nici un compromis în chestiuni vitale", în Revista Institutului Diplomatic Român, anul I, numărul I, semestrul I, 2006, pp. 71-72Florin Diaconu, „Likud: Dreapta israeliană constant opusă retrocedării teritoriilor cureite prin luptă în 1967", în Revista Institutului Diplomatic Român, anul I, numărul I, semestrul I, 2006, pp. 73-74MassadaIsraelul a crescut in 50 de ani cât alte state intr-un mileniuIsrael Government PortalIsraelIsraelIsraelmmmmmXX451232cb118646298(data)4027808-634110000 0004 0372 0767n7900328503691455-bb46-37e3-91d2-cb064a35ffcc1003570400564274ge1294033523775214929302638955X146498911146498911

            Черчино Становништво Референце Спољашње везе Мени за навигацију46°09′29″ СГШ; 9°30′29″ ИГД / 46.15809° СГШ; 9.50814° ИГД / 46.15809; 9.5081446°09′29″ СГШ; 9°30′29″ ИГД / 46.15809° СГШ; 9.50814° ИГД / 46.15809; 9.508143179111„The GeoNames geographical database”„Istituto Nazionale di Statistica”Званични веб-сајтпроширитиуу