Xjyuk

Is it possible for a planet to be much further away from its star than earth is from the sun (because for example the star is much brighter/Hotter) yet still have a comparable (as in not tens if not hundreds or thousands of times longer) year and day length to earth?

P.S. To clarify this question somewhat.
This question comes sorta as a follow up to a question i once asked regarding a planet orbiting a Blue Supergiant star.
But with the distance required to give the planet an earth like climate it would have such a huge orbit that 1 year on this world would take a little more than 13 ''Earth'' centuries wich would end with me having to make the race on this world basically immortal compared to humans or give them a livespan that (using this world's timespans and still using earth like 12 months a year) would mean that the average lifespan of a person would be less than 1 month.

 TLDR. can i speed the rotation time of this planet around the star up to get to ''earth like'' (does not have to be completely exact, 1 year on this world could be 3 earth years for all i care just not earth centuries or millenia) length or would this mess up the entire world?

Yes, it is possible. Day length is only effected by how fast the planet rotates. This is unrelated to the orbit.

Year length increases as your orbit gets bigger, and decreases as your star gets bigger. The heavier the star is, the faster your have to orbit to stay a certain distance away. The farther away the planet is, the slower it orbits. You can have an orbit of practically any period given the correct stellar mass and orbital altitude.

I don't know how this alters the heating issues though. It's possible that the habitable zone around this larger star would not be at the correct altitude.

First of all, the day lenght has nothing to do with the distance from the star. It only depends on the time it takes for the star to cross the same sky meridian.

Then, by changing the eccentricity of the orbit, you can have the planet be further away from the star for a longer time than it is closer, while keeping the year length the same.

Yes

It's already been stated but length of day just depends on the period of rotation, which has no relation to the celestial mechanics. Well, there are some special cases where that isn't entirely true, but they are fringe cases and not pertinent to your question. So choose the length of day at your leisure.

For length of year we need a wee bit of math. Kepler's laws are the foundation on which celestial mechanics is done. Kepler's third law can be stated mathematically as

$$ a=sqrt[3]fracT^2GM4pi^2 $$ (assuming planet mass is negligible compared to the star)

where

$$ a=semispace majorspace axis $$
$$ T=orbitalspace period $$
$$ M=massspace ofspace centralspace body $$
$$ G=gravitationalspace constantspace (6.674times 10^-11fracm^3kgspace s^2) $$

If we add your constraint that the length of the year is the same as the length of an Earth year, we can rearrange to solve for mass

$$ M=frac4pi^2 a^3G*(3.154times 10^7s)^2 $$

If we plot this, we can see the relationship as semi major axis increases:

*Note that the lower limit on mass for stars is something like 0.1 solar mass.

**Also note that semi major axis is identical to orbital radius if it is a circular orbit.

If you want to also examine the amount of energy that would be received at these specified distances and star masses you would need to use some relations for how star energy output varies with mass and how solar flux varies with distance. But that seems like a whole other question.