E12 LED light bulb flickers when OFF in candelabra12V DC LED DimmerBlue LED always on with led light stripGE Lightstick with Hunter FlickersTrouble with LED bulbsTroubleshooting LED refresh rate or flickerPhillips (non-dimmable) 60W LED bulbs breaking in the light fixtureFirst time testing old motion sensor outdoor light, with new LED bulbs, light flickers at constant fast hz, why?Second LED bulb in each fixture burns out, what should I replace?Why do some LED lights go dim while others go out completely?Several LEDs and LED bulbs in my house are failing at the same time and way before their estimated lifespan

How to understand flavors and when to use combination of them?

Attach a visible light telescope to the outside of the ISS

Why did the frequency of the word "черт" (devil) in books increase by a few times since the October Revolution?

Does anyone have a method of differentiating informative comments from commented out code?

How to have a filled pattern

How do ballistic trajectories work in a ring world?

How can I reset Safari when Safari is broken?

How can I review my manager, who is fine?

Passwordless authentication - how and when to invalidate a login code

Did William Shakespeare hide things in his writings?

What was the significance of Spider-Man: Far From Home being an MCU Phase 3 film instead of a Phase 4 film?

How many Jimmys can fit?

Why does the Misal rico de Cisneros uses the word "Qiſſa", and what is it supposed to mean? Why not "Miſſa" (Missa)?

Is it ok for parents to kiss and romance with each other while their 2- to 8-year-old child watches?

Quotients of a ring of integers

Who goes first? Person disembarking bus or the bicycle?

Examples of fluid (including air) being used to transmit digital data?

Can you create a free-floating MASYU puzzle?

Alice's First Code Review

Interpretation of non-significant results as "trends"

What is this burst transmission sequence across the entire band?

What does "spinning upon the shoals" mean?

Possibility to correct pitch from digital versions of records with the hole not centered

Why am I getting unevenly-spread results when using $RANDOM?



E12 LED light bulb flickers when OFF in candelabra


12V DC LED DimmerBlue LED always on with led light stripGE Lightstick with Hunter FlickersTrouble with LED bulbsTroubleshooting LED refresh rate or flickerPhillips (non-dimmable) 60W LED bulbs breaking in the light fixtureFirst time testing old motion sensor outdoor light, with new LED bulbs, light flickers at constant fast hz, why?Second LED bulb in each fixture burns out, what should I replace?Why do some LED lights go dim while others go out completely?Several LEDs and LED bulbs in my house are failing at the same time and way before their estimated lifespan






.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty margin-bottom:0;








1















I bought some LED lights for my candelabra in my master bedroom. They're E12 bulbs (I think, since they do fit). Incandescents worked fine before. When I put these LEDs in there, they flicker when they're off. They work great ON but why would it be flickering when off? What possible solutions do I have? This is 1999 home, not too old.



Here's a video of my problem. I use a remote to turn off and on.



LED in question. I also tried another brand from Home Depot, but same results.
https://smile.amazon.com/gp/product/B06XY8LM1G/










share|improve this question









New contributor



Gabe is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.














  • 1





    What is turning the bulb on and off? A remote? A smart switch? A dimmer?

    – JPhi1618
    8 hours ago











  • @JPhi1618 i use a remote to turn the bulb on and off. There is no smart switch or dimmer.

    – Gabe
    7 hours ago


















1















I bought some LED lights for my candelabra in my master bedroom. They're E12 bulbs (I think, since they do fit). Incandescents worked fine before. When I put these LEDs in there, they flicker when they're off. They work great ON but why would it be flickering when off? What possible solutions do I have? This is 1999 home, not too old.



Here's a video of my problem. I use a remote to turn off and on.



LED in question. I also tried another brand from Home Depot, but same results.
https://smile.amazon.com/gp/product/B06XY8LM1G/










share|improve this question









New contributor



Gabe is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.














  • 1





    What is turning the bulb on and off? A remote? A smart switch? A dimmer?

    – JPhi1618
    8 hours ago











  • @JPhi1618 i use a remote to turn the bulb on and off. There is no smart switch or dimmer.

    – Gabe
    7 hours ago














1












1








1








I bought some LED lights for my candelabra in my master bedroom. They're E12 bulbs (I think, since they do fit). Incandescents worked fine before. When I put these LEDs in there, they flicker when they're off. They work great ON but why would it be flickering when off? What possible solutions do I have? This is 1999 home, not too old.



Here's a video of my problem. I use a remote to turn off and on.



LED in question. I also tried another brand from Home Depot, but same results.
https://smile.amazon.com/gp/product/B06XY8LM1G/










share|improve this question









New contributor



Gabe is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.











I bought some LED lights for my candelabra in my master bedroom. They're E12 bulbs (I think, since they do fit). Incandescents worked fine before. When I put these LEDs in there, they flicker when they're off. They work great ON but why would it be flickering when off? What possible solutions do I have? This is 1999 home, not too old.



Here's a video of my problem. I use a remote to turn off and on.



LED in question. I also tried another brand from Home Depot, but same results.
https://smile.amazon.com/gp/product/B06XY8LM1G/







lighting light-fixture led






share|improve this question









New contributor



Gabe is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.










share|improve this question









New contributor



Gabe is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.








share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited 7 hours ago







Gabe













New contributor



Gabe is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.








asked 8 hours ago









GabeGabe

1064 bronze badges




1064 bronze badges




New contributor



Gabe is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.




New contributor




Gabe is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.









  • 1





    What is turning the bulb on and off? A remote? A smart switch? A dimmer?

    – JPhi1618
    8 hours ago











  • @JPhi1618 i use a remote to turn the bulb on and off. There is no smart switch or dimmer.

    – Gabe
    7 hours ago













  • 1





    What is turning the bulb on and off? A remote? A smart switch? A dimmer?

    – JPhi1618
    8 hours ago











  • @JPhi1618 i use a remote to turn the bulb on and off. There is no smart switch or dimmer.

    – Gabe
    7 hours ago








1




1





What is turning the bulb on and off? A remote? A smart switch? A dimmer?

– JPhi1618
8 hours ago





What is turning the bulb on and off? A remote? A smart switch? A dimmer?

– JPhi1618
8 hours ago













@JPhi1618 i use a remote to turn the bulb on and off. There is no smart switch or dimmer.

– Gabe
7 hours ago






@JPhi1618 i use a remote to turn the bulb on and off. There is no smart switch or dimmer.

– Gabe
7 hours ago











2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes


















3














The remote you use to turn the light on and off is not compatible with LED bulbs. One reason people love LED bulbs is because they use so little power. Unfortunately, some devices in the past used the fact that a regular light bulb can pass some current without glowing. Certain types of switches use a little bit of "parasitic" voltage running through the bulb to supply power for them to operate.



Now, some LED bulbs will flicker even if they have a very tiny current. The two solutions that I see are to try a dimmable LED bulb, and if that doesn't work, remove or replace the remote module. Even if you don't have a dimmer function, the dimmable bulbs have more electronics in their drivers that could prevent them from flickering when a small current runs through them.






share|improve this answer






























    2














    You say that you control the lights with a “remote” and there is no smart switch. Sorry to tell you, but there must be some sort of smart switch which is receiving the signal and controlling the light. It may be part of the light fixture.



    Anyway, smart switches that don’t connect to a neutral wire have to get power by trickling current through the load. This works well with incandescent lights because they require quite a bit of current to light. LED light bulbs instead require very little current and contain driver circuits to run off of mains voltage. The low trickle current will charge a capacitor in the driver so that when they charge, the light will flicker on and discharge the cap.



    Unfortunately, your remote receiver is not compatible with LEDs. You might be able to make it work if you put in one incandescent bulb along with the LED bulbs as it may be able to prevent the LED drivers from charging. Otherwise, you will have to remove the receiver or replace the fixture.



    Or, just keep with incandescents.






    share|improve this answer

























      Your Answer








      StackExchange.ready(function()
      var channelOptions =
      tags: "".split(" "),
      id: "73"
      ;
      initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

      StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function()
      // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
      if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled)
      StackExchange.using("snippets", function()
      createEditor();
      );

      else
      createEditor();

      );

      function createEditor()
      StackExchange.prepareEditor(
      heartbeatType: 'answer',
      autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
      convertImagesToLinks: false,
      noModals: true,
      showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
      reputationToPostImages: null,
      bindNavPrevention: true,
      postfix: "",
      imageUploader:
      brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
      contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
      allowUrls: true
      ,
      noCode: true, onDemand: true,
      discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
      ,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
      );



      );






      Gabe is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.









      draft saved

      draft discarded


















      StackExchange.ready(
      function ()
      StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fdiy.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f168553%2fe12-led-light-bulb-flickers-when-off-in-candelabra%23new-answer', 'question_page');

      );

      Post as a guest















      Required, but never shown

























      2 Answers
      2






      active

      oldest

      votes








      2 Answers
      2






      active

      oldest

      votes









      active

      oldest

      votes






      active

      oldest

      votes









      3














      The remote you use to turn the light on and off is not compatible with LED bulbs. One reason people love LED bulbs is because they use so little power. Unfortunately, some devices in the past used the fact that a regular light bulb can pass some current without glowing. Certain types of switches use a little bit of "parasitic" voltage running through the bulb to supply power for them to operate.



      Now, some LED bulbs will flicker even if they have a very tiny current. The two solutions that I see are to try a dimmable LED bulb, and if that doesn't work, remove or replace the remote module. Even if you don't have a dimmer function, the dimmable bulbs have more electronics in their drivers that could prevent them from flickering when a small current runs through them.






      share|improve this answer



























        3














        The remote you use to turn the light on and off is not compatible with LED bulbs. One reason people love LED bulbs is because they use so little power. Unfortunately, some devices in the past used the fact that a regular light bulb can pass some current without glowing. Certain types of switches use a little bit of "parasitic" voltage running through the bulb to supply power for them to operate.



        Now, some LED bulbs will flicker even if they have a very tiny current. The two solutions that I see are to try a dimmable LED bulb, and if that doesn't work, remove or replace the remote module. Even if you don't have a dimmer function, the dimmable bulbs have more electronics in their drivers that could prevent them from flickering when a small current runs through them.






        share|improve this answer

























          3












          3








          3







          The remote you use to turn the light on and off is not compatible with LED bulbs. One reason people love LED bulbs is because they use so little power. Unfortunately, some devices in the past used the fact that a regular light bulb can pass some current without glowing. Certain types of switches use a little bit of "parasitic" voltage running through the bulb to supply power for them to operate.



          Now, some LED bulbs will flicker even if they have a very tiny current. The two solutions that I see are to try a dimmable LED bulb, and if that doesn't work, remove or replace the remote module. Even if you don't have a dimmer function, the dimmable bulbs have more electronics in their drivers that could prevent them from flickering when a small current runs through them.






          share|improve this answer













          The remote you use to turn the light on and off is not compatible with LED bulbs. One reason people love LED bulbs is because they use so little power. Unfortunately, some devices in the past used the fact that a regular light bulb can pass some current without glowing. Certain types of switches use a little bit of "parasitic" voltage running through the bulb to supply power for them to operate.



          Now, some LED bulbs will flicker even if they have a very tiny current. The two solutions that I see are to try a dimmable LED bulb, and if that doesn't work, remove or replace the remote module. Even if you don't have a dimmer function, the dimmable bulbs have more electronics in their drivers that could prevent them from flickering when a small current runs through them.







          share|improve this answer












          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer










          answered 7 hours ago









          JPhi1618JPhi1618

          11.9k2 gold badges25 silver badges48 bronze badges




          11.9k2 gold badges25 silver badges48 bronze badges























              2














              You say that you control the lights with a “remote” and there is no smart switch. Sorry to tell you, but there must be some sort of smart switch which is receiving the signal and controlling the light. It may be part of the light fixture.



              Anyway, smart switches that don’t connect to a neutral wire have to get power by trickling current through the load. This works well with incandescent lights because they require quite a bit of current to light. LED light bulbs instead require very little current and contain driver circuits to run off of mains voltage. The low trickle current will charge a capacitor in the driver so that when they charge, the light will flicker on and discharge the cap.



              Unfortunately, your remote receiver is not compatible with LEDs. You might be able to make it work if you put in one incandescent bulb along with the LED bulbs as it may be able to prevent the LED drivers from charging. Otherwise, you will have to remove the receiver or replace the fixture.



              Or, just keep with incandescents.






              share|improve this answer



























                2














                You say that you control the lights with a “remote” and there is no smart switch. Sorry to tell you, but there must be some sort of smart switch which is receiving the signal and controlling the light. It may be part of the light fixture.



                Anyway, smart switches that don’t connect to a neutral wire have to get power by trickling current through the load. This works well with incandescent lights because they require quite a bit of current to light. LED light bulbs instead require very little current and contain driver circuits to run off of mains voltage. The low trickle current will charge a capacitor in the driver so that when they charge, the light will flicker on and discharge the cap.



                Unfortunately, your remote receiver is not compatible with LEDs. You might be able to make it work if you put in one incandescent bulb along with the LED bulbs as it may be able to prevent the LED drivers from charging. Otherwise, you will have to remove the receiver or replace the fixture.



                Or, just keep with incandescents.






                share|improve this answer

























                  2












                  2








                  2







                  You say that you control the lights with a “remote” and there is no smart switch. Sorry to tell you, but there must be some sort of smart switch which is receiving the signal and controlling the light. It may be part of the light fixture.



                  Anyway, smart switches that don’t connect to a neutral wire have to get power by trickling current through the load. This works well with incandescent lights because they require quite a bit of current to light. LED light bulbs instead require very little current and contain driver circuits to run off of mains voltage. The low trickle current will charge a capacitor in the driver so that when they charge, the light will flicker on and discharge the cap.



                  Unfortunately, your remote receiver is not compatible with LEDs. You might be able to make it work if you put in one incandescent bulb along with the LED bulbs as it may be able to prevent the LED drivers from charging. Otherwise, you will have to remove the receiver or replace the fixture.



                  Or, just keep with incandescents.






                  share|improve this answer













                  You say that you control the lights with a “remote” and there is no smart switch. Sorry to tell you, but there must be some sort of smart switch which is receiving the signal and controlling the light. It may be part of the light fixture.



                  Anyway, smart switches that don’t connect to a neutral wire have to get power by trickling current through the load. This works well with incandescent lights because they require quite a bit of current to light. LED light bulbs instead require very little current and contain driver circuits to run off of mains voltage. The low trickle current will charge a capacitor in the driver so that when they charge, the light will flicker on and discharge the cap.



                  Unfortunately, your remote receiver is not compatible with LEDs. You might be able to make it work if you put in one incandescent bulb along with the LED bulbs as it may be able to prevent the LED drivers from charging. Otherwise, you will have to remove the receiver or replace the fixture.



                  Or, just keep with incandescents.







                  share|improve this answer












                  share|improve this answer



                  share|improve this answer










                  answered 6 hours ago









                  DoxyLoverDoxyLover

                  3,7291 gold badge8 silver badges17 bronze badges




                  3,7291 gold badge8 silver badges17 bronze badges




















                      Gabe is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.









                      draft saved

                      draft discarded


















                      Gabe is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.












                      Gabe is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.











                      Gabe is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.














                      Thanks for contributing an answer to Home Improvement Stack Exchange!


                      • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

                      But avoid


                      • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

                      • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.

                      To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




                      draft saved


                      draft discarded














                      StackExchange.ready(
                      function ()
                      StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fdiy.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f168553%2fe12-led-light-bulb-flickers-when-off-in-candelabra%23new-answer', 'question_page');

                      );

                      Post as a guest















                      Required, but never shown





















































                      Required, but never shown














                      Required, but never shown












                      Required, but never shown







                      Required, but never shown

































                      Required, but never shown














                      Required, but never shown












                      Required, but never shown







                      Required, but never shown







                      Popular posts from this blog

                      19. јануар Садржај Догађаји Рођења Смрти Празници и дани сећања Види још Референце Мени за навигацијуу

                      Israel Cuprins Etimologie | Istorie | Geografie | Politică | Demografie | Educație | Economie | Cultură | Note explicative | Note bibliografice | Bibliografie | Legături externe | Meniu de navigaresite web oficialfacebooktweeterGoogle+Instagramcanal YouTubeInstagramtextmodificaremodificarewww.technion.ac.ilnew.huji.ac.ilwww.weizmann.ac.ilwww1.biu.ac.ilenglish.tau.ac.ilwww.haifa.ac.ilin.bgu.ac.ilwww.openu.ac.ilwww.ariel.ac.ilCIA FactbookHarta Israelului"Negotiating Jerusalem," Palestine–Israel JournalThe Schizoid Nature of Modern Hebrew: A Slavic Language in Search of a Semitic Past„Arabic in Israel: an official language and a cultural bridge”„Latest Population Statistics for Israel”„Israel Population”„Tables”„Report for Selected Countries and Subjects”Human Development Report 2016: Human Development for Everyone„Distribution of family income - Gini index”The World FactbookJerusalem Law„Israel”„Israel”„Zionist Leaders: David Ben-Gurion 1886–1973”„The status of Jerusalem”„Analysis: Kadima's big plans”„Israel's Hard-Learned Lessons”„The Legacy of Undefined Borders, Tel Aviv Notes No. 40, 5 iunie 2002”„Israel Journal: A Land Without Borders”„Population”„Israel closes decade with population of 7.5 million”Time Series-DataBank„Selected Statistics on Jerusalem Day 2007 (Hebrew)”Golan belongs to Syria, Druze protestGlobal Survey 2006: Middle East Progress Amid Global Gains in FreedomWHO: Life expectancy in Israel among highest in the worldInternational Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, April 2011: Nominal GDP list of countries. Data for the year 2010.„Israel's accession to the OECD”Popular Opinion„On the Move”Hosea 12:5„Walking the Bible Timeline”„Palestine: History”„Return to Zion”An invention called 'the Jewish people' – Haaretz – Israel NewsoriginalJewish and Non-Jewish Population of Palestine-Israel (1517–2004)ImmigrationJewishvirtuallibrary.orgChapter One: The Heralders of Zionism„The birth of modern Israel: A scrap of paper that changed history”„League of Nations: The Mandate for Palestine, 24 iulie 1922”The Population of Palestine Prior to 1948originalBackground Paper No. 47 (ST/DPI/SER.A/47)History: Foreign DominationTwo Hundred and Seventh Plenary Meeting„Israel (Labor Zionism)”Population, by Religion and Population GroupThe Suez CrisisAdolf EichmannJustice Ministry Reply to Amnesty International Report„The Interregnum”Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs – The Palestinian National Covenant- July 1968Research on terrorism: trends, achievements & failuresThe Routledge Atlas of the Arab–Israeli conflict: The Complete History of the Struggle and the Efforts to Resolve It"George Habash, Palestinian Terrorism Tactician, Dies at 82."„1973: Arab states attack Israeli forces”Agranat Commission„Has Israel Annexed East Jerusalem?”original„After 4 Years, Intifada Still Smolders”From the End of the Cold War to 2001originalThe Oslo Accords, 1993Israel-PLO Recognition – Exchange of Letters between PM Rabin and Chairman Arafat – Sept 9- 1993Foundation for Middle East PeaceSources of Population Growth: Total Israeli Population and Settler Population, 1991–2003original„Israel marks Rabin assassination”The Wye River Memorandumoriginal„West Bank barrier route disputed, Israeli missile kills 2”"Permanent Ceasefire to Be Based on Creation Of Buffer Zone Free of Armed Personnel Other than UN, Lebanese Forces"„Hezbollah kills 8 soldiers, kidnaps two in offensive on northern border”„Olmert confirms peace talks with Syria”„Battleground Gaza: Israeli ground forces invade the strip”„IDF begins Gaza troop withdrawal, hours after ending 3-week offensive”„THE LAND: Geography and Climate”„Area of districts, sub-districts, natural regions and lakes”„Israel - Geography”„Makhteshim Country”Israel and the Palestinian Territories„Makhtesh Ramon”„The Living Dead Sea”„Temperatures reach record high in Pakistan”„Climate Extremes In Israel”Israel in figures„Deuteronom”„JNF: 240 million trees planted since 1901”„Vegetation of Israel and Neighboring Countries”Environmental Law in Israel„Executive branch”„Israel's election process explained”„The Electoral System in Israel”„Constitution for Israel”„All 120 incoming Knesset members”„Statul ISRAEL”„The Judiciary: The Court System”„Israel's high court unique in region”„Israel and the International Criminal Court: A Legal Battlefield”„Localities and population, by population group, district, sub-district and natural region”„Israel: Districts, Major Cities, Urban Localities & Metropolitan Areas”„Israel-Egypt Relations: Background & Overview of Peace Treaty”„Solana to Haaretz: New Rules of War Needed for Age of Terror”„Israel's Announcement Regarding Settlements”„United Nations Security Council Resolution 497”„Security Council resolution 478 (1980) on the status of Jerusalem”„Arabs will ask U.N. to seek razing of Israeli wall”„Olmert: Willing to trade land for peace”„Mapping Peace between Syria and Israel”„Egypt: Israel must accept the land-for-peace formula”„Israel: Age structure from 2005 to 2015”„Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990–2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition”10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61340-X„World Health Statistics 2014”„Life expectancy for Israeli men world's 4th highest”„Family Structure and Well-Being Across Israel's Diverse Population”„Fertility among Jewish and Muslim Women in Israel, by Level of Religiosity, 1979-2009”„Israel leaders in birth rate, but poverty major challenge”„Ethnic Groups”„Israel's population: Over 8.5 million”„Israel - Ethnic groups”„Jews, by country of origin and age”„Minority Communities in Israel: Background & Overview”„Israel”„Language in Israel”„Selected Data from the 2011 Social Survey on Mastery of the Hebrew Language and Usage of Languages”„Religions”„5 facts about Israeli Druze, a unique religious and ethnic group”„Israël”Israel Country Study Guide„Haredi city in Negev – blessing or curse?”„New town Harish harbors hopes of being more than another Pleasantville”„List of localities, in alphabetical order”„Muncitorii români, doriți în Israel”„Prietenia româno-israeliană la nevoie se cunoaște”„The Higher Education System in Israel”„Middle East”„Academic Ranking of World Universities 2016”„Israel”„Israel”„Jewish Nobel Prize Winners”„All Nobel Prizes in Literature”„All Nobel Peace Prizes”„All Prizes in Economic Sciences”„All Nobel Prizes in Chemistry”„List of Fields Medallists”„Sakharov Prize”„Țara care și-a sfidat "destinul" și se bate umăr la umăr cu Silicon Valley”„Apple's R&D center in Israel grew to about 800 employees”„Tim Cook: Apple's Herzliya R&D center second-largest in world”„Lecții de economie de la Israel”„Land use”Israel Investment and Business GuideA Country Study: IsraelCentral Bureau of StatisticsFlorin Diaconu, „Kadima: Flexibilitate și pragmatism, dar nici un compromis în chestiuni vitale", în Revista Institutului Diplomatic Român, anul I, numărul I, semestrul I, 2006, pp. 71-72Florin Diaconu, „Likud: Dreapta israeliană constant opusă retrocedării teritoriilor cureite prin luptă în 1967", în Revista Institutului Diplomatic Român, anul I, numărul I, semestrul I, 2006, pp. 73-74MassadaIsraelul a crescut in 50 de ani cât alte state intr-un mileniuIsrael Government PortalIsraelIsraelIsraelmmmmmXX451232cb118646298(data)4027808-634110000 0004 0372 0767n7900328503691455-bb46-37e3-91d2-cb064a35ffcc1003570400564274ge1294033523775214929302638955X146498911146498911

                      Кастелфранко ди Сопра Становништво Референце Спољашње везе Мени за навигацију43°37′18″ СГШ; 11°33′32″ ИГД / 43.62156° СГШ; 11.55885° ИГД / 43.62156; 11.5588543°37′18″ СГШ; 11°33′32″ ИГД / 43.62156° СГШ; 11.55885° ИГД / 43.62156; 11.558853179688„The GeoNames geographical database”„Istituto Nazionale di Statistica”проширитиууWorldCat156923403n850174324558639-1cb14643287r(подаци)