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Why should password hash verification be time constant?
What encryption hash function I should use for password securing?Why we use GPG signatures for file verification instead of hash values?Why should I hash passwords?Does bcrypt compare the hashes in “length-constant” time?Length-constant password comparison in scrypt?Should email verification be followed by password-based login? Why?Potential collision with hash passwordWhy is hashing a password with multiple hash functions useless?Why should password authentication require sending the password?Why should we protect access to password hashes?
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In the asp.net core PasswordHasher type there is is remark on the VerifyHashedPassword method
/// <remarks>Implementations of this method should be time consistent.</remarks>
And then to compare the hashes it uses code that is deliberately not optimised and written not do early exits in the loop.
// Compares two byte arrays for equality. The method is specifically written so that the loop is not optimized.
[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining | MethodImplOptions.NoOptimization)]
private static bool ByteArraysEqual(byte[] a, byte[] b)
At first I thought that without this timing could be used to determine how close the hash was, if it takes longer then more of the hash is the same.
However this doesn't make sense because the hash has gone through 1000 iterations of SHA256 at this point. So any change in the password would produce a completely different hash, and knowing that your password produces almost the correct hash does not help you find the correct one.
What is the purpose of ensuring a constant time hash verification?
passwords hash
edited 21 mins ago
forest
41.4k18133149
asked 23 hours ago
trampstertrampster
21615
New contributor
trampster is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
add a comment |
In the asp.net core PasswordHasher type there is is remark on the VerifyHashedPassword method
/// <remarks>Implementations of this method should be time consistent.</remarks>
And then to compare the hashes it uses code that is deliberately not optimised and written not do early exits in the loop.
// Compares two byte arrays for equality. The method is specifically written so that the loop is not optimized.
[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining | MethodImplOptions.NoOptimization)]
private static bool ByteArraysEqual(byte[] a, byte[] b)
At first I thought that without this timing could be used to determine how close the hash was, if it takes longer then more of the hash is the same.
However this doesn't make sense because the hash has gone through 1000 iterations of SHA256 at this point. So any change in the password would produce a completely different hash, and knowing that your password produces almost the correct hash does not help you find the correct one.
What is the purpose of ensuring a constant time hash verification?
passwords hash
edited 21 mins ago
forest
41.4k18133149
asked 23 hours ago
trampstertrampster
21615
New contributor
trampster is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
2
Is that function used for anything other than comparing hashes?
– forest
22 hours ago
no it is only used for comparing hashes
– trampster
22 hours ago
1
On a side(-attack) note this code assumes that byte comparisons are constant time which isn't guaranteed. It's good that it probably doesn't matter.
– JimmyJames
9 hours ago
For better (or worse), code gets copied around. In the current AspNetCore repo BinaryBlob there is a near-identical method that can be used to compare anybyte[]. Just because the code you write isn't used for something right now doesn't mean it won't be misused later!
– Carl Walsh
1 hour ago
add a comment |
In the asp.net core PasswordHasher type there is is remark on the VerifyHashedPassword method
/// <remarks>Implementations of this method should be time consistent.</remarks>
And then to compare the hashes it uses code that is deliberately not optimised and written not do early exits in the loop.
// Compares two byte arrays for equality. The method is specifically written so that the loop is not optimized.
[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining | MethodImplOptions.NoOptimization)]
private static bool ByteArraysEqual(byte[] a, byte[] b)
At first I thought that without this timing could be used to determine how close the hash was, if it takes longer then more of the hash is the same.
However this doesn't make sense because the hash has gone through 1000 iterations of SHA256 at this point. So any change in the password would produce a completely different hash, and knowing that your password produces almost the correct hash does not help you find the correct one.
What is the purpose of ensuring a constant time hash verification?
passwords hash
edited 21 mins ago
forest
41.4k18133149
asked 23 hours ago
trampstertrampster
21615
New contributor
trampster is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
In the asp.net core PasswordHasher type there is is remark on the VerifyHashedPassword method
/// <remarks>Implementations of this method should be time consistent.</remarks>
And then to compare the hashes it uses code that is deliberately not optimised and written not do early exits in the loop.
// Compares two byte arrays for equality. The method is specifically written so that the loop is not optimized.
[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining | MethodImplOptions.NoOptimization)]
private static bool ByteArraysEqual(byte[] a, byte[] b)
At first I thought that without this timing could be used to determine how close the hash was, if it takes longer then more of the hash is the same.
However this doesn't make sense because the hash has gone through 1000 iterations of SHA256 at this point. So any change in the password would produce a completely different hash, and knowing that your password produces almost the correct hash does not help you find the correct one.
What is the purpose of ensuring a constant time hash verification?
passwords hash
passwords hash
edited 21 mins ago
forest
41.4k18133149
asked 23 hours ago
trampstertrampster
21615
New contributor
trampster is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
edited 21 mins ago
forest
41.4k18133149
asked 23 hours ago
trampstertrampster
21615
New contributor
trampster is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
edited 21 mins ago
forest
41.4k18133149
edited 21 mins ago
forest
41.4k18133149
edited 21 mins ago
forest
41.4k18133149
41.4k18133149
asked 23 hours ago
trampstertrampster
21615
New contributor
trampster is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
asked 23 hours ago
trampstertrampster
21615
asked 23 hours ago
trampstertrampster
21615
21615
New contributor
trampster is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
New contributor
trampster is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
2
Is that function used for anything other than comparing hashes?
– forest
22 hours ago
no it is only used for comparing hashes
– trampster
22 hours ago
1
On a side(-attack) note this code assumes that byte comparisons are constant time which isn't guaranteed. It's good that it probably doesn't matter.
– JimmyJames
9 hours ago
For better (or worse), code gets copied around. In the current AspNetCore repo BinaryBlob there is a near-identical method that can be used to compare anybyte[]. Just because the code you write isn't used for something right now doesn't mean it won't be misused later!
– Carl Walsh
1 hour ago
add a comment |
2
Is that function used for anything other than comparing hashes?
– forest
22 hours ago
no it is only used for comparing hashes
– trampster
22 hours ago
1
On a side(-attack) note this code assumes that byte comparisons are constant time which isn't guaranteed. It's good that it probably doesn't matter.
– JimmyJames
9 hours ago
For better (or worse), code gets copied around. In the current AspNetCore repo BinaryBlob there is a near-identical method that can be used to compare anybyte[]. Just because the code you write isn't used for something right now doesn't mean it won't be misused later!
– Carl Walsh
1 hour ago
2
2
Is that function used for anything other than comparing hashes?
– forest
22 hours ago
Is that function used for anything other than comparing hashes?
– forest
22 hours ago
no it is only used for comparing hashes
– trampster
22 hours ago
no it is only used for comparing hashes
– trampster
22 hours ago
1
1
On a side(-attack) note this code assumes that byte comparisons are constant time which isn't guaranteed. It's good that it probably doesn't matter.
– JimmyJames
9 hours ago
On a side(-attack) note this code assumes that byte comparisons are constant time which isn't guaranteed. It's good that it probably doesn't matter.
– JimmyJames
9 hours ago
For better (or worse), code gets copied around. In the current AspNetCore repo BinaryBlob there is a near-identical method that can be used to compare any
byte[]. Just because the code you write isn't used for something right now doesn't mean it won't be misused later!– Carl Walsh
1 hour ago
For better (or worse), code gets copied around. In the current AspNetCore repo BinaryBlob there is a near-identical method that can be used to compare any
byte[]. Just because the code you write isn't used for something right now doesn't mean it won't be misused later!– Carl Walsh
1 hour ago
add a comment |
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
Assuming neither of the hashes are secret and the hashes are secure (which SHA-256 is), there is no reason to check the hash in constant time. In fact, comparing hashes is one of the well-known alternatives to verifying passwords within a constant time routine. I can't say what reason the developers would give for doing this, but it is not technically necessary to make it constant time. Most likely, they were just being cautious. Non-constant time code in a cryptographic library makes auditors anxious.
More information about the theoretical weaknesses is discussed in an answer on the Cryptography site. It explains how, with a significant amount of queries, it can be possible to discover the first several bytes of the hash, which makes it possible to perform an offline computation to discard candidate passwords that obviously wouldn't match (their hash doesn't match the first few discovered bytes of the real hash) and avoid sending them to the password checking service, and why this is unlikely to be a real issue.
answered 22 hours ago
forestforest
41.4k18133149
30
"Non-constant time code in a cryptographic library makes auditors anxious." - this! If the code is constant time, nobody has to fret about that side channel. If it not, you have to write a comment (or design note) explaining why it's not a problem.
– Martin Bonner
15 hours ago
add a comment |
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1 Answer
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1 Answer
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votes
Assuming neither of the hashes are secret and the hashes are secure (which SHA-256 is), there is no reason to check the hash in constant time. In fact, comparing hashes is one of the well-known alternatives to verifying passwords within a constant time routine. I can't say what reason the developers would give for doing this, but it is not technically necessary to make it constant time. Most likely, they were just being cautious. Non-constant time code in a cryptographic library makes auditors anxious.
More information about the theoretical weaknesses is discussed in an answer on the Cryptography site. It explains how, with a significant amount of queries, it can be possible to discover the first several bytes of the hash, which makes it possible to perform an offline computation to discard candidate passwords that obviously wouldn't match (their hash doesn't match the first few discovered bytes of the real hash) and avoid sending them to the password checking service, and why this is unlikely to be a real issue.
answered 22 hours ago
forestforest
41.4k18133149
30
"Non-constant time code in a cryptographic library makes auditors anxious." - this! If the code is constant time, nobody has to fret about that side channel. If it not, you have to write a comment (or design note) explaining why it's not a problem.
– Martin Bonner
15 hours ago
add a comment |
Assuming neither of the hashes are secret and the hashes are secure (which SHA-256 is), there is no reason to check the hash in constant time. In fact, comparing hashes is one of the well-known alternatives to verifying passwords within a constant time routine. I can't say what reason the developers would give for doing this, but it is not technically necessary to make it constant time. Most likely, they were just being cautious. Non-constant time code in a cryptographic library makes auditors anxious.
More information about the theoretical weaknesses is discussed in an answer on the Cryptography site. It explains how, with a significant amount of queries, it can be possible to discover the first several bytes of the hash, which makes it possible to perform an offline computation to discard candidate passwords that obviously wouldn't match (their hash doesn't match the first few discovered bytes of the real hash) and avoid sending them to the password checking service, and why this is unlikely to be a real issue.
answered 22 hours ago
forestforest
41.4k18133149
30
"Non-constant time code in a cryptographic library makes auditors anxious." - this! If the code is constant time, nobody has to fret about that side channel. If it not, you have to write a comment (or design note) explaining why it's not a problem.
– Martin Bonner
15 hours ago
add a comment |
Assuming neither of the hashes are secret and the hashes are secure (which SHA-256 is), there is no reason to check the hash in constant time. In fact, comparing hashes is one of the well-known alternatives to verifying passwords within a constant time routine. I can't say what reason the developers would give for doing this, but it is not technically necessary to make it constant time. Most likely, they were just being cautious. Non-constant time code in a cryptographic library makes auditors anxious.
More information about the theoretical weaknesses is discussed in an answer on the Cryptography site. It explains how, with a significant amount of queries, it can be possible to discover the first several bytes of the hash, which makes it possible to perform an offline computation to discard candidate passwords that obviously wouldn't match (their hash doesn't match the first few discovered bytes of the real hash) and avoid sending them to the password checking service, and why this is unlikely to be a real issue.
answered 22 hours ago
forestforest
41.4k18133149
Assuming neither of the hashes are secret and the hashes are secure (which SHA-256 is), there is no reason to check the hash in constant time. In fact, comparing hashes is one of the well-known alternatives to verifying passwords within a constant time routine. I can't say what reason the developers would give for doing this, but it is not technically necessary to make it constant time. Most likely, they were just being cautious. Non-constant time code in a cryptographic library makes auditors anxious.
More information about the theoretical weaknesses is discussed in an answer on the Cryptography site. It explains how, with a significant amount of queries, it can be possible to discover the first several bytes of the hash, which makes it possible to perform an offline computation to discard candidate passwords that obviously wouldn't match (their hash doesn't match the first few discovered bytes of the real hash) and avoid sending them to the password checking service, and why this is unlikely to be a real issue.
answered 22 hours ago
forestforest
41.4k18133149
edited 22 hours ago
answered 22 hours ago
forestforest
41.4k18133149
answered 22 hours ago
forestforest
41.4k18133149
answered 22 hours ago
forestforest
41.4k18133149
41.4k18133149
30
"Non-constant time code in a cryptographic library makes auditors anxious." - this! If the code is constant time, nobody has to fret about that side channel. If it not, you have to write a comment (or design note) explaining why it's not a problem.
– Martin Bonner
15 hours ago
add a comment |
30
"Non-constant time code in a cryptographic library makes auditors anxious." - this! If the code is constant time, nobody has to fret about that side channel. If it not, you have to write a comment (or design note) explaining why it's not a problem.
– Martin Bonner
15 hours ago
30
30
"Non-constant time code in a cryptographic library makes auditors anxious." - this! If the code is constant time, nobody has to fret about that side channel. If it not, you have to write a comment (or design note) explaining why it's not a problem.
– Martin Bonner
15 hours ago
"Non-constant time code in a cryptographic library makes auditors anxious." - this! If the code is constant time, nobody has to fret about that side channel. If it not, you have to write a comment (or design note) explaining why it's not a problem.
– Martin Bonner
15 hours ago
add a comment |
trampster is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
trampster is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
trampster is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
trampster is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
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2
Is that function used for anything other than comparing hashes?
– forest
22 hours ago
no it is only used for comparing hashes
– trampster
22 hours ago
1
On a side(-attack) note this code assumes that byte comparisons are constant time which isn't guaranteed. It's good that it probably doesn't matter.
– JimmyJames
9 hours ago
For better (or worse), code gets copied around. In the current AspNetCore repo BinaryBlob there is a near-identical method that can be used to compare any
byte[]. Just because the code you write isn't used for something right now doesn't mean it won't be misused later!– Carl Walsh
1 hour ago