What is the hottest thing in the universe?Limit of hotness!What is the radius of observable universe- 46 billion LY or 200 yottameters?Objects entering or leaving the observable universeHow can the observable universe be so small if there are so many stars in it?Since the Universe is expanding, is it accurate to say that a galaxy is 5 billion light years away?What fraction of galaxies in the observable universe have we actually observed?What is the present day radius of the observable universe?Where is the North of the UniverseHow much of the Universe is invisible to us, and how does it affect our theories?
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What is the hottest thing in the universe?
Limit of hotness!What is the radius of observable universe- 46 billion LY or 200 yottameters?Objects entering or leaving the observable universeHow can the observable universe be so small if there are so many stars in it?Since the Universe is expanding, is it accurate to say that a galaxy is 5 billion light years away?What fraction of galaxies in the observable universe have we actually observed?What is the present day radius of the observable universe?Where is the North of the UniverseHow much of the Universe is invisible to us, and how does it affect our theories?
.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty margin-bottom:0;
$begingroup$
Straight from my 7 year old to you, exactly what it says on the cover:
What is the hottest thing in the universe?
To make it SO friendly, I'll add the following caveats:
- it should be bounded, as in an actual compact object, or class of objects, or part of an object
- it should be observable
- it should be an astronomical object, ie QGP created by LHC doesn't count.
Thanks,
Bruce
observable-universe heat
asked 10 hours ago
Bruce BeckerBruce Becker
1909 bronze badges
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Straight from my 7 year old to you, exactly what it says on the cover:
What is the hottest thing in the universe?
To make it SO friendly, I'll add the following caveats:
- it should be bounded, as in an actual compact object, or class of objects, or part of an object
- it should be observable
- it should be an astronomical object, ie QGP created by LHC doesn't count.
Thanks,
Bruce
observable-universe heat
asked 10 hours ago
Bruce BeckerBruce Becker
1909 bronze badges
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Possible duplicate of astronomy.stackexchange.com/q/8324/5506
$endgroup$
– Bruce Becker
10 hours ago
2
$begingroup$
I would recommend your 7-year old this video: youtube.com/watch?v=4fuHzC9aTik
$endgroup$
– SpaceBread
9 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@BruceBecker I think the two questions are distinctly different. One asks for an astronomical object, the other seems ... entirely unrelated to astronomy, actually.
$endgroup$
– BMF
8 hours ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Straight from my 7 year old to you, exactly what it says on the cover:
What is the hottest thing in the universe?
To make it SO friendly, I'll add the following caveats:
- it should be bounded, as in an actual compact object, or class of objects, or part of an object
- it should be observable
- it should be an astronomical object, ie QGP created by LHC doesn't count.
Thanks,
Bruce
observable-universe heat
asked 10 hours ago
Bruce BeckerBruce Becker
1909 bronze badges
$endgroup$
Straight from my 7 year old to you, exactly what it says on the cover:
What is the hottest thing in the universe?
To make it SO friendly, I'll add the following caveats:
- it should be bounded, as in an actual compact object, or class of objects, or part of an object
- it should be observable
- it should be an astronomical object, ie QGP created by LHC doesn't count.
Thanks,
Bruce
observable-universe heat
observable-universe heat
asked 10 hours ago
Bruce BeckerBruce Becker
1909 bronze badges
asked 10 hours ago
Bruce BeckerBruce Becker
1909 bronze badges
asked 10 hours ago
Bruce BeckerBruce Becker
1909 bronze badges
asked 10 hours ago
Bruce BeckerBruce Becker
1909 bronze badges
asked 10 hours ago
Bruce BeckerBruce Becker
1909 bronze badges
1909 bronze badges
$begingroup$
Possible duplicate of astronomy.stackexchange.com/q/8324/5506
$endgroup$
– Bruce Becker
10 hours ago
2
$begingroup$
I would recommend your 7-year old this video: youtube.com/watch?v=4fuHzC9aTik
$endgroup$
– SpaceBread
9 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@BruceBecker I think the two questions are distinctly different. One asks for an astronomical object, the other seems ... entirely unrelated to astronomy, actually.
$endgroup$
– BMF
8 hours ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Possible duplicate of astronomy.stackexchange.com/q/8324/5506
$endgroup$
– Bruce Becker
10 hours ago
2
$begingroup$
I would recommend your 7-year old this video: youtube.com/watch?v=4fuHzC9aTik
$endgroup$
– SpaceBread
9 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@BruceBecker I think the two questions are distinctly different. One asks for an astronomical object, the other seems ... entirely unrelated to astronomy, actually.
$endgroup$
– BMF
8 hours ago
$begingroup$
Possible duplicate of astronomy.stackexchange.com/q/8324/5506
$endgroup$
– Bruce Becker
10 hours ago
$begingroup$
Possible duplicate of astronomy.stackexchange.com/q/8324/5506
$endgroup$
– Bruce Becker
10 hours ago
2
2
$begingroup$
I would recommend your 7-year old this video: youtube.com/watch?v=4fuHzC9aTik
$endgroup$
– SpaceBread
9 hours ago
$begingroup$
I would recommend your 7-year old this video: youtube.com/watch?v=4fuHzC9aTik
$endgroup$
– SpaceBread
9 hours ago
1
1
$begingroup$
@BruceBecker I think the two questions are distinctly different. One asks for an astronomical object, the other seems ... entirely unrelated to astronomy, actually.
$endgroup$
– BMF
8 hours ago
$begingroup$
@BruceBecker I think the two questions are distinctly different. One asks for an astronomical object, the other seems ... entirely unrelated to astronomy, actually.
$endgroup$
– BMF
8 hours ago
add a comment |
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
Energetic neutrinos have been observed from the core of a supernova (SN 1987A). The inferred temperatures at the "neutrinosphere" are about 4 MeV (equivalent to 50 billion K - Valentim et al. 2017). Hence it is observable and has been observed.
The very centre of the proto-neutron star that is responsible for the neutrino emission is likely to be a factor of two or so hotter, but cannot be observed, even with neutrinos, because the "neutrinosphere" is opaque to neutrinos. By the time this "clears", the proto neutron star is much cooler - it's surface would be orders of magnitude cooler.
Arguably we could study the very core of a supernova through gravitational waves if one were to explode in our own Galaxy. Whether this counts as "observing" a hot object I'm not sure.
In a similar vein, we have observed "kilonnovae" that appear to be due to the merger of two neutron stars. The temperatures generated in these events are also likely to be of order 100 billion K, but again these temperatures are not observed directly - the gravitational waves and gamma rays produced in these events are caused by "non-thermal" mechanisms.
answered 8 hours ago
Rob JeffriesRob Jeffries
58.3k4 gold badges119 silver badges192 bronze badges
$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
How do we know it's the hottest thing?
$endgroup$
– Bruce Becker
7 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@BruceBecker I guess we wait for someone to come up with something hotter.
$endgroup$
– Rob Jeffries
7 hours ago
add a comment |
Your Answer
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1 Answer
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1 Answer
1
active
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active
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$begingroup$
Energetic neutrinos have been observed from the core of a supernova (SN 1987A). The inferred temperatures at the "neutrinosphere" are about 4 MeV (equivalent to 50 billion K - Valentim et al. 2017). Hence it is observable and has been observed.
The very centre of the proto-neutron star that is responsible for the neutrino emission is likely to be a factor of two or so hotter, but cannot be observed, even with neutrinos, because the "neutrinosphere" is opaque to neutrinos. By the time this "clears", the proto neutron star is much cooler - it's surface would be orders of magnitude cooler.
Arguably we could study the very core of a supernova through gravitational waves if one were to explode in our own Galaxy. Whether this counts as "observing" a hot object I'm not sure.
In a similar vein, we have observed "kilonnovae" that appear to be due to the merger of two neutron stars. The temperatures generated in these events are also likely to be of order 100 billion K, but again these temperatures are not observed directly - the gravitational waves and gamma rays produced in these events are caused by "non-thermal" mechanisms.
answered 8 hours ago
Rob JeffriesRob Jeffries
58.3k4 gold badges119 silver badges192 bronze badges
$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
How do we know it's the hottest thing?
$endgroup$
– Bruce Becker
7 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@BruceBecker I guess we wait for someone to come up with something hotter.
$endgroup$
– Rob Jeffries
7 hours ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Energetic neutrinos have been observed from the core of a supernova (SN 1987A). The inferred temperatures at the "neutrinosphere" are about 4 MeV (equivalent to 50 billion K - Valentim et al. 2017). Hence it is observable and has been observed.
The very centre of the proto-neutron star that is responsible for the neutrino emission is likely to be a factor of two or so hotter, but cannot be observed, even with neutrinos, because the "neutrinosphere" is opaque to neutrinos. By the time this "clears", the proto neutron star is much cooler - it's surface would be orders of magnitude cooler.
Arguably we could study the very core of a supernova through gravitational waves if one were to explode in our own Galaxy. Whether this counts as "observing" a hot object I'm not sure.
In a similar vein, we have observed "kilonnovae" that appear to be due to the merger of two neutron stars. The temperatures generated in these events are also likely to be of order 100 billion K, but again these temperatures are not observed directly - the gravitational waves and gamma rays produced in these events are caused by "non-thermal" mechanisms.
answered 8 hours ago
Rob JeffriesRob Jeffries
58.3k4 gold badges119 silver badges192 bronze badges
$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
How do we know it's the hottest thing?
$endgroup$
– Bruce Becker
7 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@BruceBecker I guess we wait for someone to come up with something hotter.
$endgroup$
– Rob Jeffries
7 hours ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Energetic neutrinos have been observed from the core of a supernova (SN 1987A). The inferred temperatures at the "neutrinosphere" are about 4 MeV (equivalent to 50 billion K - Valentim et al. 2017). Hence it is observable and has been observed.
The very centre of the proto-neutron star that is responsible for the neutrino emission is likely to be a factor of two or so hotter, but cannot be observed, even with neutrinos, because the "neutrinosphere" is opaque to neutrinos. By the time this "clears", the proto neutron star is much cooler - it's surface would be orders of magnitude cooler.
Arguably we could study the very core of a supernova through gravitational waves if one were to explode in our own Galaxy. Whether this counts as "observing" a hot object I'm not sure.
In a similar vein, we have observed "kilonnovae" that appear to be due to the merger of two neutron stars. The temperatures generated in these events are also likely to be of order 100 billion K, but again these temperatures are not observed directly - the gravitational waves and gamma rays produced in these events are caused by "non-thermal" mechanisms.
answered 8 hours ago
Rob JeffriesRob Jeffries
58.3k4 gold badges119 silver badges192 bronze badges
$endgroup$
Energetic neutrinos have been observed from the core of a supernova (SN 1987A). The inferred temperatures at the "neutrinosphere" are about 4 MeV (equivalent to 50 billion K - Valentim et al. 2017). Hence it is observable and has been observed.
The very centre of the proto-neutron star that is responsible for the neutrino emission is likely to be a factor of two or so hotter, but cannot be observed, even with neutrinos, because the "neutrinosphere" is opaque to neutrinos. By the time this "clears", the proto neutron star is much cooler - it's surface would be orders of magnitude cooler.
Arguably we could study the very core of a supernova through gravitational waves if one were to explode in our own Galaxy. Whether this counts as "observing" a hot object I'm not sure.
In a similar vein, we have observed "kilonnovae" that appear to be due to the merger of two neutron stars. The temperatures generated in these events are also likely to be of order 100 billion K, but again these temperatures are not observed directly - the gravitational waves and gamma rays produced in these events are caused by "non-thermal" mechanisms.
answered 8 hours ago
Rob JeffriesRob Jeffries
58.3k4 gold badges119 silver badges192 bronze badges
edited 7 hours ago
answered 8 hours ago
Rob JeffriesRob Jeffries
58.3k4 gold badges119 silver badges192 bronze badges
answered 8 hours ago
Rob JeffriesRob Jeffries
58.3k4 gold badges119 silver badges192 bronze badges
answered 8 hours ago
Rob JeffriesRob Jeffries
58.3k4 gold badges119 silver badges192 bronze badges
58.3k4 gold badges119 silver badges192 bronze badges
1
$begingroup$
How do we know it's the hottest thing?
$endgroup$
– Bruce Becker
7 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@BruceBecker I guess we wait for someone to come up with something hotter.
$endgroup$
– Rob Jeffries
7 hours ago
add a comment |
1
$begingroup$
How do we know it's the hottest thing?
$endgroup$
– Bruce Becker
7 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@BruceBecker I guess we wait for someone to come up with something hotter.
$endgroup$
– Rob Jeffries
7 hours ago
1
1
$begingroup$
How do we know it's the hottest thing?
$endgroup$
– Bruce Becker
7 hours ago
$begingroup$
How do we know it's the hottest thing?
$endgroup$
– Bruce Becker
7 hours ago
1
1
$begingroup$
@BruceBecker I guess we wait for someone to come up with something hotter.
$endgroup$
– Rob Jeffries
7 hours ago
$begingroup$
@BruceBecker I guess we wait for someone to come up with something hotter.
$endgroup$
– Rob Jeffries
7 hours ago
add a comment |
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$begingroup$
Possible duplicate of astronomy.stackexchange.com/q/8324/5506
$endgroup$
– Bruce Becker
10 hours ago
2
$begingroup$
I would recommend your 7-year old this video: youtube.com/watch?v=4fuHzC9aTik
$endgroup$
– SpaceBread
9 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@BruceBecker I think the two questions are distinctly different. One asks for an astronomical object, the other seems ... entirely unrelated to astronomy, actually.
$endgroup$
– BMF
8 hours ago