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Sahara Inholtsverteken Etymologie | Klima | Literatur | Weblenken | Belege | NavigatschoonsmenüISSN 0342-8311SaharaFlora un Fauna in de Sahara (frz.)Sahara Climate„Boundaries of Lake Chad Region“ UNEP Publikation 8,41 MB PDF FormatPDF, 892 KBWorld Wildlife Fund: Africa--Mauritania, Mali, Algeria, Niger, Chad, SudanWest African Monsoon crosses the Sahara desert.Die Wüste schwebt.onlineStudies of 21st-century precipitation trends over West Africa

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DröögwöösteUSADüütschlandWaterkantAtlantikRode SeeTrapezWennkreiswöstenHammadaSerirErgaraabscheDMGSülveMehrtahlDMGṣḥsemitscheDMGDMGRömersKarthagoMiddeloller19. JohrhunnertdrögeNoord-Oost-PassatHarmattanNedderslägeMonsunMiddellannsche-See-KlimaTemperaturenSneeLibyenÄgyptenAtacamawööstTibestiAïrBiomeMeere vun OuniangaSahelzoonSintflootNilKlimaAerosoleWeerVulkaneWetenschopEmisschonenSudanzoon












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Satellitenupnahme vun de Sahara-Wösten


De Sahara is de gröttste Dröögwööste up'e Eer. Se is bi 9 Mio km² groot. Dor is se um un bi so groot mit, as de gesamten USA, oder 26 mool so groot, as Düütschland. Se langt vun Afrika siene Waterkant an’n Atlantik bit an de Küst vun de Rode See. Se hett de Form vun en Trapez un is vun West na Oost twuschen 4.500 un 5.500 km lang un vun Noord na Süden to 1.500 bit 2.000 km breed. Se höört to de Wennkreiswösten mit to. To'n groten Deel is de Sahara en Steen- oder Felswööst (Hammada) oder en Geröllwööst (Serir). De bekannte Sandwööst (Erg) maakt bloß bi 20 % vun de ganze Wösten ut.




Inholtsverteken





  • 1 Etymologie


  • 2 Klima


  • 3 Literatur


  • 4 Weblenken


  • 5 Belege




Etymologie |


Dat araabsche Woort for „Wöste“ is sahra’ (صحراء, DMG ṣaḥrāʾ). Dor liggt de Toon bi up de leste Sülve, de is lang. De Form for de Mehrtahl, also „Wösten“ is sahara (صحارى, DMG ṣaḥārā). Dor liggt de Toon bi up de Sülve in'e Midden, un de is ok lang.[1]. Mol dor vun af, datt dat „ṣ“ un ok dat „ḥ“ sunnerliche semitsche Luden sünd, de vun Europäers man suur ut to spreken sünd, is düsse Mehrtahlform akraat dat (platt)düütsche Woort „Sahara“. Bi us warrt an de Stäe vun „ṣ“ en normol„s“ un vun „ḥ“ normolerwiese en „h“ sett.Up Araabsch warrt de Sahara الصحراء الكبرى, DMG aṣ-ṣaḥrāʾ al-kubrā, „de grote Wösten“ nömmt. genannt. Hen un wenn gifft ok den Naam بحر بلا ماء, DMG baḥr bilā māʾ, „See sunner Water“ (vgl. Sahel for „Över“).


De Römers hefft to dat Land süüdlich vun Karthago Terra deserta seggt, also „verlaten Land“. In't Middeloller is de Sahara man eenfach Grote Wösten nömmt wurrn. Eerst in dat 19. Johrhunnert hett sik de Naam Sahara dörsetten konnt.



Klima |


Allerwegens in de Sahara is dat Klima dröge. In de zentralen Regionen vun de Wösten is dat ganze Johr de Noord-Oost-Passat Harmattan togange. Man Neddersläge bringt he man minne. In'n de süüdwestlichen un süüdlichen zentralen Regionen vun de Sahara regeert mol de Harmattan un mol de westafrikaansche Monsun. In de noordwestlichen Gemarken vun de grote Wösten speelt dat Middellannsche-See-Klima siene Rull. De Temperaturen könnt sik unbannig verschelen. Over Dag kann dat bit hen to 60 ° C weern, s’Nachts liggt de Temperatur dor bi 30 ° unner. In'n Döörsnitt liggt de Temperaturen in'n Sommer bi 38 ° C un in'n Winter bi 25 ° C.[2] In'n Winter kann de Temperatur bi Nacht bit up -10 °C afsacken. En tiedlang kann dat an'e Eer ok freren un boven in'e Barge kann Snee fallen. In'n Döörsnitt fallt in de Sahara 45 mm Neddersläge in't Johr, man dat gifft grode Unnerscheede je na Region. In de wecken Gemarken in'n Süden vun Libyen un Ägypten is dat mit en poor mm Nedderslag in't Johr meist so dröge, as in de Atacamawööst, de as de dröögste Region up'e Eer ankeken warrt. De hogen Barge in de Sahara kriegt generell mehr Neddersläge af, as dat Siedland dor umto. In de Tibesti-Barge fallt bit hen to 600 mm Neddersläge in't Johr, in de Aïr- Barge sünd dat bit hen to 150 mm in't Johr. Dör düsse Neddersläge stellt de beiden Regionen egen Biome dor.[3] De Luft kann jummers un allerwegens veel mehr Water upnehmen, as de Eer afgeven deit, allerwegens is dat Waterdefizit vun de Luft hooch. Bi de Meere vun Ounianga könnt bit hen to 6330 mm Water verdampt weern.[4]


Wenn de westafrikaansche Monsun in'n Juli- un Augustmaand so richtig togange is, fallt in'n Süden vun de Sahara bi 100 bit 200 mm Nedderslag. Vundeswegen kann dor en Grassavanne wassen, de sik na Norden to an de Sahelzoon ansluten deit.[5] Dat gifft avers ok Johre, dor regent dat in de wecken Regionen vun de Sahara gor nich. In annere Johre jumpt de Monsun ut Westafrika over de Sahara hen un denn pladdert dat in sunnerliche Regionen, as de Sintfloot.[6]


De eenzigste Stroom, de dör de Sahara dörfleten deit, is de Nil-Stroom.


Wat de Sahara for dat globale Klima bedüden deit, is bloß man to'n Deel bekannt. Sunnerlich lett dat so, as wenn de Aerosole ut de Sahara een Born vun de Aerosole sünd, de Weer un Klima up'e Eer bestimmen doot. En annern Born sünd Vulkane, wenn se utbreken doot.[7] Dat lett so, as wenn de Wetenschop rutfunnen hett, datt Emisschonen Infloot harrn up de Neddersläge in de Sahel- un Sudanzoon.[8][9]



Literatur |


  • Fayez Alaily: Das Herz der Sahara, das trockenste Gebiet der Erde. Klima, Geologie, Hydrologie, Ökologie, Bodensoziologie, Bodengenese und Landnutzungseignung. 1. Upl. Projekte-Verlag Cornelius, Halle, 2008. ISBN 978-3-86634-603-1

  • Barbara E. Barich: People, water, and grain. The beginnings of domestication in the Sahara and the Nile valley. L’Erma di Bretschneider, Rom 1998. ISBN 88-8265-017-0

  • Jean Bisson: Mythes et réalités d'un désert convoité: Le Sahara. L’Harmattan, Paris 2003


  • Albert Adu Boahen: Britain, the Sahara and the Western Sudan, 1788–1861. Oxford 1964

  • Alain Drajesco-Joffé: La vie sauvage au Sahara. Delachaux et Niestlé, Neuchâtel 1993, ISBN 2-603-00871-4

  • Fabrizio Mori: The great civilisations of the ancient Sahara. L’Erma di Bretscheider, Rom 1998. ISBN 88-7062-971-6


  • Heinrich Schiffers: Die Sahara. Entwicklungen in einem Wüstenkontinent. Borntraeger, Kiel 1980. ISBN 3-554-60106-3


  • Die Wüste. Geo-Bücher im Verlag Gruner AG + Co, Hamborg. ISBN 3-570-01665-X


  • Sahara: Meer ohne Wasser. Geo 4/1977, Siet 82–108. Verlag Gruner + Jahr, Hamborg.


  • Uwe George: Sahara: Das verschollene Meer. In: Geo-Magazin. Hamborg 1980,1, S. 32–60. ISSN 0342-8311

Histoorsche Reisvertellen


  • Heinrich Barth: Reisen und Entdeckungen in Nord- und Centralafrika. Gotha 1857–1858, 5 Bne.

  • Heinrich Barth: Im Sattel durch Nord- und Zentralafrika, 1849–1855. Stuttgart 2007 (Kortform vun de 5 Bänn).


  • Gustav Nachtigal: Sahara und Sudan. Berlin, Leipzig 1879–1889, 3 Bne.

  • Gustav Nachtigal: Tibesti. Die Entdeckung der Riesenkrater und die Erstdurchquerung des Sudan, 1868–1874. Rutg. Heinrich Schiffers. Tübingen/Stuttgart 1987.


  • Gerhard Rohlfs: Quer durch Afrika. Die Erstdurchquerung der Sahara vom Mittelmeer zum Golf von Guinea 1865–1867, Thienemann Edition Erdmann, Stuttgart 1984. ISBN 3-522-60580-2.


Weblenken |




Commons-logo.svgSahara. Mehr Biller, Videos oder Audiodateien to’t Thema gifft dat bi Wikimedia Commons.


  • Flora un Fauna in de Sahara (frz.)


Belege |



  1. Hans Wehr, Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart, 1968, bi Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden


  2. Sahara Climate infoplease.com (engelsch)


  3. „Boundaries of Lake Chad Region“ UNEP Publikation 8,41 MB PDF Format


  4. Stefan Kröpelin et al.: Climate-Driven Ecosystem Succession in the Sahara: The Past 6000 Years. In: Science, 9. Mai 2008 (PDF, 892 KB)


  5. World Wildlife Fund: Africa--Mauritania, Mali, Algeria, Niger, Chad, Sudan (engelsch)


  6. West African Monsoon crosses the Sahara desert. (August 2007) von Philip Mulholland (University of Lancaster, UK) (engelsch)


  7. Die Wüste schwebt. 3Sat, hitec


  8. C. Flamant, J.-P. Chaboureau, D. J. Parker et al.: Airborne observations of the impact of a convective system on the planetary boundary layer thermodynamics and aerosol distribution in the inter-tropical discontinuity region of the West African Monsoon, in: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 2007; 133: 1175–1189 (online)


  9. Studies of 21st-century precipitation trends over West Africa (PDF; 906 kB) Autor: Leonard M. Druyan Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University and NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA (engelsch)




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