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Костим доктора за кугу Садржај Опис Историја Референце Спољашње везе Мени за навигацијутренутне изменеТрагедија Велике куге у Милану 1630.10.1016/B978-012373944-5.00311-41510954910.1016/S0035-9203(03)00059-2Doktor Schnabel von Rom, engraving by Paul Fürst (after J Columbina), Rome 1656.A History of Fire And Flame 1932online as PDF, 28Mb downloadQJM: An International Journal of MedicineThe Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction

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доктор за кугу17. векаћилибарматичњаккамфоркаранфилићопијумаЧарлс Делормеа1619ПаризуЕвропеКостим доктора за кугу










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Костим доктора за кугу




Из Википедије, слободне енциклопедије



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Паул Фруст, гравирање, с. 1721, доктор за кугу. Његов клљун који је носио, био је напуњен биљним супстанцама за заштиту од куге.[1]


Костим доктора за кугу била је одећа коју је доктор за кугу носио да га заштити од болести преношених ваздухом. Костим, који потиче из 17. века, састојао се од капута дугог до чланака и маске са птичјим кљуном, која је била напуњена слатким супстанцама, или супстанцама јаког мириса (често је то била лаванда), као и од рукавица, шешира са ободом, чизама, и неког комада одеће који се облачио преко свега.[2]




Садржај





  • 1 Опис


  • 2 Историја


  • 3 Референце

    • 3.1 Цитирани радови



  • 4 Спољашње везе




Опис




Костим доктора за кугу из Немачке из (седамнестог века).


Маска је имала стаклене отворе за очи и заобљени кљун у облику као код птица.[3][4] Кљун је био троугластог облика за мирисне ствари. Неки од мирисних материјала су ћилибар, матичњак, метвица лишћа, камфор, каранфилић, тинктура опијума. Сврха маске је била да штити од лошег ваздуха, који су сматрали да је узрок болести.[5][6] Дрвени штап кориштен је како би се прегледало пацијента без додира.[7] The canes were also used to keep people away,<ref name="JAMA"> Заштитно одело било је састављено од капута тешких тканина покривених воском те су покривали од главе до пете.



Историја


Иако делује необично, баш сваки део максе имао је функцију олакшавања живота лекара кад би бринули о болесној популацији. Заштитно одело рад је доктора Чарлс Делормеа (1584-1678). Он је био лекар неколицини француских краљева такође био омиљени лекар породице Медичи. Он је 1619, док је пажљиво размишљао о начину властите заштите при посетама високо заразних пацијената с кугом, осмислио ову иконску униформу која је брзо постала одело избора лекара широм Европе. Лекар куге Костими су се прво користили у Паризу, али после су се проширили широм Европе. Заштитно одело било је састављено од капута тешких тканина покривених воском те су покривали од главе до пете.



Референце




  1. ^ Füssli’s image is reproduced and discussed in Robert Fletcher, Трагедија Велике куге у Милану 1630. (Балтимор: Лорд Балтимор штампа, 1898). стр. 16–17.


  2. ^
    • Pommerville (Body Systems). стр. 15

    • Bauer. стр. 145

    • Abrams. стр. 257

    • Byfield. стр. 26

    • Glaser. стр. 33-34




  3. ^ Carmichael, A.G. (2009), „Plague, Historical”, Ур.: Schaechter, Moselio, Encyclopedia of Microbiology (3rd изд.), Elsevier, стр. 58—72, doi:10.1016/B978-012373944-5.00311-4 


  4. ^ Iqbal Akhtar Khan (мај 2004). „Plague: the dreadful visitation occupying the human mind for centuries”. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 98 (5): 270—277. PMID 15109549. doi:10.1016/S0035-9203(03)00059-2. »Charles Delorme (1584—1678), personal physician to King Louis XIII, was credited with introducing special protective clothing for plague doctors during the epidemic in Marseilles. It consisted of a beak-like mask supplied with aromatic substance, presumed to act as filter against the odour emanating from the patients, and a loose gown covering the normal clothing. On occasions, a drifting fragrance such as camphor was used.« CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)


  5. ^ O'Donnell. стр. 135


  6. ^ Stuart, стр. 15


  7. ^ Doktor Schnabel von Rom, engraving by Paul Fürst (after J Columbina), Rome 1656.




Цитирани радови


.mw-parser-output .refbeginfont-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ullist-style-type:none;margin-left:0.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>ddmargin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100font-size:100%

  • Abrams, J. J.. The Road Not Taken, Simon & Schuster. 2005. ISBN 1-4169-2483-3.

  • Bauer, S. Wise. The Story of the World Activity Book Two: The Middle Ages : From the Fall of Rome to the Rise of the Renaissance, Peace Hill Press. 2003. ISBN 0-9714129-4-4.

  • Boeckl, Christine M.. Images of plague and pestilence: iconography and iconology, Truman State Univ Press. 2000. ISBN 0-943549-85-X.

  • Byfield, Ted. Renaissance: God in Man, A.D. 1300 to 1500: But Amid Its Splendors, Night Falls on Medieval Christianity, Christian History Project. 2010. ISBN 0-9689873-8-9.

  • Byrne, Joseph Patrick. Encyclopedia of Pestilence, Pandemics, and Plagues, ABC-CLIO. 2008. ISBN 0-313-34102-8.

  • Carmichael, Ann G., "SARS and Plagues Past", in SARS in Context: Memory, history, policy, ed. by Jacalyn Duffin and Arthur Sweetman McGill-Queen’s University Press. 2006. ISBN 0-7735-3194-7.

  • Center for Advanced Study in Theatre Arts, Western European stages, Volume 14, CASTA, 2002,

  • Dolan, Josephine, Goodnow's History of Nursing , W. B. Saunders 1963 (Philadelphia and London), Library of Congress No. 16-25236


  • Ellis, Oliver C. (2004) [1932]. A History of Fire And Flame 1932. Kessinger Publishing. стр. 202. ISBN 978-1-4179-7583-9. 

  • Goodnow, Minnie, Goodnow's history of nursing , W.B. Saunders Co., 1968, OCLC Number: 7085173

  • Glaser, Gabrielle. The Nose: A Profile of Sex, Beauty, and Survival , Simon & Schuster. 2003. ISBN 0-671-03864-8.

  • Grolier Incorporated. The Encyclopedia Americana, Volume 8; Volume 24, Grolier Incorporated. 1998. ISBN 0-7172-0130-9.

  • Hall, Manly Palmer, Horizon, Philosophical Research Society, Inc., 1949

  • Hirst, Leonard Fabian, The conquest of plague: a study of the evolution of epidemiology, Clarendon Press, 1953,

  • Infectious Diseases Society of America, Reviews of infectious diseases, Volume 11, University of Chicago Press, 1989

  • Kenda, Barbara. Aeolian winds and the spirit in Renaissance architecture: Academia Eolia revisited, Taylor & Francis. 2006. ISBN 0-415-39804-5.

  • Killinger, Charles L.. Culture and customs of Italy, Greenwood Publishing Group. 2005. ISBN 0-313-32489-1.

  • Nohl, Johannes, The Black Death: A Chronicle of the Plague, J. & J. Harper Edition 1969, Library of Congress No. 79-81867

  • Manget, Jean-Jacques, Traité de la peste recueilli des meilleurs auteurs anciens et modernes, Geneva, 1721, online as PDF, 28Mb download

  • Martin, Sean. The Black Death, Book Sales. 2009. ISBN 0-7858-2289-5.

  • Mentzel, Peter. A traveller's history of Venice , Interlink Books. 2006. ISBN 1-56656-611-8.

  • O'Donnell, Terence, History of life insurance in its formative years, American Conservation Company, 1936

  • Paton, Alex, "Cover image", QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 100.4, 4 April 2007. (A commentary on the issue's cover photograph of The Posy Tree, Mapperton, Dorset.)

  • Pommerville, Jeffrey. Alcamo's Fundamentals of Microbiology: Body Systems, Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2009. ISBN 0-7637-6259-8.

  • Pommerville, Jeffrey. Alcamo's Fundamentals of Microbiology, Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2010. ISBN 0-7637-6258-X.

  • Reynolds, Richard C.. On doctor[i]ng: stories, poems, essays, Simon & Schuster. 2001. ISBN 0-7432-0153-1.

  • Sandler, Merton. Wine: a scientific exploration, CRC Press. 2003. ISBN 0-415-24734-9.

  • Sherman, Irwin W.. The power of plagues, Wiley-Blackwell. 2006. ISBN 1-55581-356-9.

  • Stuart, David C.. Dangerous garden: the quest for plants to change our lives, frances lincoln ltd. 2004. ISBN 0-7112-2265-7.


  • Percy, Reuben; Timbs, John (1841). The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction. J. Limbird. 

  • Time-Life Books, What life was like in the age of chivalry: medieval Europe, AD 800-1500, 1997

  • Turner, Jack. Spice: The History of a Temptation , Random House. 2005. ISBN 0-375-70705-0.

  • Walker, Kenneth, The story of medicine , Oxford University Press, 1955



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Data for the year 2010.„Israel's accession to the OECD”Popular Opinion„On the Move”Hosea 12:5„Walking the Bible Timeline”„Palestine: History”„Return to Zion”An invention called 'the Jewish people' – Haaretz – Israel NewsoriginalJewish and Non-Jewish Population of Palestine-Israel (1517–2004)ImmigrationJewishvirtuallibrary.orgChapter One: The Heralders of Zionism„The birth of modern Israel: A scrap of paper that changed history”„League of Nations: The Mandate for Palestine, 24 iulie 1922”The Population of Palestine Prior to 1948originalBackground Paper No. 47 (ST/DPI/SER.A/47)History: Foreign DominationTwo Hundred and Seventh Plenary Meeting„Israel (Labor Zionism)”Population, by Religion and Population GroupThe Suez CrisisAdolf EichmannJustice Ministry Reply to Amnesty International Report„The Interregnum”Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs – The Palestinian National Covenant- July 1968Research on terrorism: trends, achievements & failuresThe Routledge Atlas of the Arab–Israeli conflict: The Complete History of the Struggle and the Efforts to Resolve It"George Habash, Palestinian Terrorism Tactician, Dies at 82."„1973: Arab states attack Israeli forces”Agranat Commission„Has Israel Annexed East Jerusalem?”original„After 4 Years, Intifada Still Smolders”From the End of the Cold War to 2001originalThe Oslo Accords, 1993Israel-PLO Recognition – Exchange of Letters between PM Rabin and Chairman Arafat – Sept 9- 1993Foundation for Middle East PeaceSources of Population Growth: Total Israeli Population and Settler Population, 1991–2003original„Israel marks Rabin assassination”The Wye River Memorandumoriginal„West Bank barrier route disputed, Israeli missile kills 2”"Permanent Ceasefire to Be Based on Creation Of Buffer Zone Free of Armed Personnel Other than UN, Lebanese Forces"„Hezbollah kills 8 soldiers, kidnaps two in offensive on northern border”„Olmert confirms peace talks with Syria”„Battleground Gaza: Israeli ground forces invade the strip”„IDF begins Gaza troop withdrawal, hours after ending 3-week offensive”„THE LAND: Geography and Climate”„Area of districts, sub-districts, natural regions and lakes”„Israel - Geography”„Makhteshim Country”Israel and the Palestinian Territories„Makhtesh Ramon”„The Living Dead Sea”„Temperatures reach record high in Pakistan”„Climate Extremes In Israel”Israel in figures„Deuteronom”„JNF: 240 million trees planted since 1901”„Vegetation of Israel and Neighboring Countries”Environmental Law in Israel„Executive branch”„Israel's election process explained”„The Electoral System in Israel”„Constitution for Israel”„All 120 incoming Knesset members”„Statul ISRAEL”„The Judiciary: The Court System”„Israel's high court unique in region”„Israel and the International Criminal Court: A Legal Battlefield”„Localities and population, by population group, district, sub-district and natural region”„Israel: Districts, Major Cities, Urban Localities & Metropolitan Areas”„Israel-Egypt Relations: Background & Overview of Peace Treaty”„Solana to Haaretz: New Rules of War Needed for Age of Terror”„Israel's Announcement Regarding Settlements”„United Nations Security Council Resolution 497”„Security Council resolution 478 (1980) on the status of Jerusalem”„Arabs will ask U.N. to seek razing of Israeli wall”„Olmert: Willing to trade land for peace”„Mapping Peace between Syria and Israel”„Egypt: Israel must accept the land-for-peace formula”„Israel: Age structure from 2005 to 2015”„Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990–2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition”10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61340-X„World Health Statistics 2014”„Life expectancy for Israeli men world's 4th highest”„Family Structure and Well-Being Across Israel's Diverse Population”„Fertility among Jewish and Muslim Women in Israel, by Level of Religiosity, 1979-2009”„Israel leaders in birth rate, but poverty major challenge”„Ethnic Groups”„Israel's population: Over 8.5 million”„Israel - Ethnic groups”„Jews, by country of origin and age”„Minority Communities in Israel: Background & Overview”„Israel”„Language in Israel”„Selected Data from the 2011 Social Survey on Mastery of the Hebrew Language and Usage of Languages”„Religions”„5 facts about Israeli Druze, a unique religious and ethnic group”„Israël”Israel Country Study Guide„Haredi city in Negev – blessing or curse?”„New town Harish harbors hopes of being more than another Pleasantville”„List of localities, in alphabetical order”„Muncitorii români, doriți în Israel”„Prietenia româno-israeliană la nevoie se cunoaște”„The Higher Education System in Israel”„Middle East”„Academic Ranking of World Universities 2016”„Israel”„Israel”„Jewish Nobel Prize Winners”„All Nobel Prizes in Literature”„All Nobel Peace Prizes”„All Prizes in Economic Sciences”„All Nobel Prizes in Chemistry”„List of Fields Medallists”„Sakharov Prize”„Țara care și-a sfidat "destinul" și se bate umăr la umăr cu Silicon Valley”„Apple's R&D center in Israel grew to about 800 employees”„Tim Cook: Apple's Herzliya R&D center second-largest in world”„Lecții de economie de la Israel”„Land use”Israel Investment and Business GuideA Country Study: IsraelCentral Bureau of StatisticsFlorin Diaconu, „Kadima: Flexibilitate și pragmatism, dar nici un compromis în chestiuni vitale", în Revista Institutului Diplomatic Român, anul I, numărul I, semestrul I, 2006, pp. 71-72Florin Diaconu, „Likud: Dreapta israeliană constant opusă retrocedării teritoriilor cureite prin luptă în 1967", în Revista Institutului Diplomatic Român, anul I, numărul I, semestrul I, 2006, pp. 73-74MassadaIsraelul a crescut in 50 de ani cât alte state intr-un mileniuIsrael Government PortalIsraelIsraelIsraelmmmmmXX451232cb118646298(data)4027808-634110000 0004 0372 0767n7900328503691455-bb46-37e3-91d2-cb064a35ffcc1003570400564274ge1294033523775214929302638955X146498911146498911

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Mentenanță CS1: Dată și anMentenanță CS1: Utilizare explicită a lui et al.IsraelȚări în Orientul MijlociuRepubliciSionismState membre ale Organizației Națiunilor Unite ebraicăarabărepublică parlamentarăOrientul MijlociuMării MediteraneLibanulSiriaIordaniaCisiordaniaEgiptFâșia GazaIerusalimTel AvivOrganizației Națiunilor Unite14 mai1948Mandatului britanic pentru PalestinaDavid Ben-GurionOrganizației SionisteAgenției Evreiești pentru PalestinaStatului IsraelONULiga ArabăpalestinieneRăzboiul arabo-israelian din 1948Conflict arabo-israelianTransiordaniaEgiptulRăzboiului de Șase ZileCisiordaniaPeninsula SinaiFâșia GazaÎnălțimile GolanBiroului Central de Statisticădruzicerchezisamariteniarmenidemocrație reprezentativăsistem parlamentarvot universalKnessetulgaze naturaleIndicelui Dezvoltării UmaneOCDEȚara I...
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Кастелфранко ди Сопра Становништво Референце Спољашње везе Мени за навигацију43°37′18″ СГШ; 11°33′32″ ИГД / 43.62156° СГШ; 11.55885° ИГД / 43.62156; 11.5588543°37′18″ СГШ; 11°33′32″ ИГД / 43.62156° СГШ; 11.55885° ИГД / 43.62156; 11.558853179688„The GeoNames geographical database”„Istituto Nazionale di Statistica”проширитиууWorldCat156923403n850174324558639-1cb14643287r(подаци)

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